Low-temperature operation is necessary for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells due to the wide variety of their applications. However, significant increases in the fuel cell losses appear in the low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, which reduce the cell performance. To overcome this problem, here we report Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 -based low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with nanocomposite anode functional layers, thin electrolytes and core/shell fibrestructured Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 À d -Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 cathodes. In particular, the report describes the use of the advanced electrospinning and Pechini process in the preparation of the core/shell-fibre-structured cathodes. The fuel cells show a very high performance of 2 Wcm À 2 at 550°C in hydrogen, and are stable for 300 h even under the high current density of 1 A cm À 2 . Hence, the results suggest that stable and high-performance solid oxide fuel cells at low temperatures can be achieved by modifying the microstructures of solid oxide fuel cell components.