Nicaragua: New Private versus Old Private and Public

Abstract

Indeed new privates may emerge to imbue systems with a sharp privateness after old privates have evolved. Thus, the term new private means something more than just the reemergence of a private sector after a period of proscription (the prototypical post-Communist situation) and certainly more than just the emergence of new private institutions within existing private higher education sectors. Of course the exact lines between what qualifies as new private sectors are not always clear-cut.

A heuristic for the non‐unicost set covering problem using local branching

“…So in Table 6 we provide the total time for 30 trials, and in calculating percentage deviation we used the best solution found over these 30 trials. For Soto et al. (2017) the times given in their paper are the average time for each trial (Olivares, 2022), where they used 30 trials. So in Table 6 we provide the total time for 30 trials, and in calculating percentage deviation we used the best solution found over these 30 trials.…”