The article examines the influence of medieval philosophy on the formation of European scientific thought. The problem of scientific research is the insufficient study of the role of philosophers of the Middle Ages and their influence on the formation and development of European scientific thought. The subject of scientific research is the factors of influence of medieval philosophy on the formation of European scientific thought, and the object is the process of medieval philosophy in the context of its involvement in the future development of European science. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of medieval philosophy and evaluate its effectiveness in the formation of European scientific thought. In order to achieve the goal, this study examined the main philosophical currents and authors of the Middle Ages, the specifics of the formation of the foundations of their philosophical doctrines and their stages. The basis of the research was the scientific literature of the thematic direction, scientific and analytical publications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the researched issues, the results of independent observations and a number of general scientific methods, such as: the method of abstraction (in order to highlight the main concepts and categories), the method of analysis and synthesis (for identification of the most influential elements of the researched object), abstract-logical and dialectical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the method of scientific abstraction (for the formation of theoretical generalizations, clarification of the conceptual apparatus, formulation of conclusions). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the role of the philosophy of the Middle Ages in the formation of European scientific thought has been defined. The theoretical result of the study was the identification of the main connections between the philosophy of the Middle Ages and the formation and further development of scientific thought in Europe.