2004
DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404223
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Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Unactivated Alkyl Halides and Pseudohalides with Organometallic Compounds

Abstract: Until recently, there had been a widespread perception that unactivated, b-hydrogen-containing alkyl halides/pseudohalides are not suitable partners for nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions. During the past several years, a number of reports have dispelled this misconception by demonstrating that a diverse array of electrophiles and organometallic reagents can in fact be efficiently cross-coupled.

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Cited by 522 publications
(213 citation statements)
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“…[1][2][3][4] However, the mechanistic understanding of these reactions is still limited. There is ample evidence that most coupling involves alkyl radicals originated from alkyl halides.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4] However, the mechanistic understanding of these reactions is still limited. There is ample evidence that most coupling involves alkyl radicals originated from alkyl halides.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Die Umsetzung primärer Alkylhalogenide gelang schließlich unter milden Bedingungen in Suzuki-Miyaura-und verwandten Kupplungen durch die Verwendung von Palladiumkomplexen elektronenreicher Phosphine, insbesondere von P(c-Hex) 3 und PtBu 2 Me. [2,3] Noch wünschenswerter und herausfordernder ist die Kupplung sekundärer Alkylhalogenide, die oft zum Aufbau von Stereozentren führt. Durch den gesteigerten sterischen Anspruch und den Elektronenreichtum dieser Substrate und die daraus resultierende verlangsamte oxidative Addition wird diese Reaktion noch erschwert.…”
unclassified
“…Diese Chelatliganden favorisieren am Nickel die cis-Orientierung der Kupplungspartner und steigern dadurch die Geschwindigkeit der reduktiven Eliminierung relativ zur unerwünschten b-Hydrid-Eliminierung. Kürzlich wurde von Fu et al eine beeindruckende Anzahl wegweisender Nickel-katalysierter hochenantioselektiver Negishi-, [6] Hiyama- [7] und Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplungen [8] [2,9] Dieser Bericht diente als Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung einer beeindruckenden Serie asymmetrischer Negishi-Kupplungen sekundärer Alkylhalogenide. [6] Aktivierte racemische Alkylhalogenide wie a-Bromamide, [6a] Benzylchloride und -bromide [6b] mechanismus, wie er ursprünglich von Vicic vorgeschlagen wurde, aufgrund der erhaltenen hohen Enantioselektivitäten als unwahrscheinlich.…”
unclassified
“…Palladium complexes of electron-rich phosphines, in particular P(c-Hex) 3 and PtBu 2 Me, were eventually found to be competent catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and related reactions of primary alkyl halides under mild conditions. [2,3] Even more desirable and challenging is the coupling of secondary alkyl halides: challenging, as the increased steric demand and electron richness of these substrates leads to a reduced rate of oxidative addition; desirable, as a new stereogenic center is often formed. Whereas palladiumcatalyzed methods are limited to primary alkyl halide substrates, cheaper nickel complexes were found to be uniquely suited to the catalysis of the cross-coupling of secondary alkyl halides.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%