Nickel Electrodeposition from a Room Temperature Eutectic Melt

Abstract

This paper discusses recent results from the authors' lab dealing with nickel electrodeposition from a choline chloride/urea eutectic melt (molar ratio 1:2). The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the melt was investigated with the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). It has been found that with increasing nickel content the viscosity of the electrolyte increases and that the melt shows viscoelastic behavior up to ca. 60{degree sign}C. Using the QCM in the electrochemical mode (EQCM) the current efficiency of the nickel deposition at 100{degree sign}C was studied.

Application of the Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Investigation of Metal Depositions from Ionic Liquids

“…4). It was shown that EQCM can approximate quite well viscosities of deep-eutectic solvents at higher temperatures (10). However, for the deep-eutectic solvents at lower temperatures one usually obtains discrepancies between the values calculated from the EQCM data and those obtained with a traditional technique, like a rotational viscosimeter.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Approach for Cathode Recycling of Li‐Ion Batteries

“…Timeline of DES exploration of specific applications. Solvent properties of DES, [30] carboxylic acid with ChCl DES properties, [31] ionothermal materials synthesis, [32] nickel electrodeposition, [33] biocatalytic application, [34] drug solubilization, [35] synthesis of photoluminescence and photochromisn, [36] enzyme activation, [37] synthesis of polymer and related materials, [38] natural DES for extraction of phenolic metabolites, [39] electrolytic function for supercapacitors [40] and application in nanotechnology, [41] tailoring properties of DES with water [42] and solvent for separation, [43] organocatalytic-biotransformation activity of DES, [44] application in biotechnology, [45] bio-inspired electrolyte for LIBs, [46] biomass pretreatment using DES, [47] theuraputic application, [48] and separation of quazrt and magnetie. [49] provides a summary of initial DESs applied in different topics by time.…”

“…[49] provides a summary of initial DESs applied in different topics by time. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] Generally, DESs are formed when the donor and the acceptor of compounds are bound by hydrogen bond at ambient temperature in a liquid state. A variety of common hydrogen donors and acceptors for the preparation of DESs were exhibited in Figure 2.…”

On the Control and Effect of Water Content during the Electrodeposition of Ni Nanostructures from Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Moreover, the wave (R 3 ) was attributed to a cathodic breakdown of the DES that is catalysed by the Ni NPs deposited beforehand on the surface of the electrode. [16][17][18][19]39 N i the amount of water (up to 7.51 wt%) enhances the currents of the waves R" 1 (onset at E = −0.18 V for the blue curve) and R" 2 (onset at E = −0.67 V for the blue curve) and decreases drastically the potential window (purple and blue curves). First tentative assignment of these two processes could be to the adsorption of water on the polycrystalline nickel electrode 3,55 (eq.…”

“…14,15 For these reasons, the number of publications on electrodeposition from DES is spectacularly increasing, notably for nickel. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The electrodeposition from these non-aqueous baths have proven successful to obtain nickel coatings, [18][19][20]34 nickel-based alloys 21,22,24,25,27,28,35 and nanostructured nickel films for corrosion resistance. 29,30 Similarly, DES were also used for the synthesis of a multitude of nanostructures (Pd, 36 Au, 37 ...), due to the capability of these solvents to slow down the electrochemical processes, thus, having a better control of the deposition of nanostructures.…”