Nicotinamide does not influence cytokines or exhaled NO in human experimental endotoxaemia

Abstract

SUMMARYThis study examined the hypothesis that nicotinamide could attenuate endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in humans as indicated by levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. Ten healthy male volunteers participated in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design with regard to the effects of nicotinamide. The volunteers received orally 4 g nicotinamide or placebo at 14 h and at 2 h preceding the experiment (total dose of 8 g). Endotoxin ( E. coli , 2 ng/kg), was administered intravenously. Blood samples and haemodynamic data were collected prior to and up to 6 h after the endotoxin infusion. Orally exhaled NO was measured hourly. Following endotoxin, body temperature increased from baseline 36·3 ± 0·09 ∞ C to a maximum of 38·0 ± 0·1 ∞ C for all (mean ± SEM, P < 0·001) and heart rate increased from 59 ± 1·9 to 87·0 ± 2·6 beats/min after 3 h (mean ± SEM, P < 0·001). Endotoxin challenge also markedly elevated the TNF-a , IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations ( P < 0·001 versus baseline for all) during the study period. Orally exhaled NO also increased ( P < 0·01) compared to baseline. Nicotinamide treatment did not influence the patterns of cytokine and NO response to endotoxin.In conclusion, there was no effect on the inflammatory parameters by oral nicotinamide at a dose of 8 g, limiting the potential use of this agent for anti-inflammatory purpose in man.

Immunomodulation by a combination of nitric oxide and glucocorticoids in a human endotoxin model

“…This design is due to the hypothesis that iNO would upregulate the GC receptors as observed earlier 16 . However, we have previously examined 10 healthy volunteers in a similar protocol without endotoxin, where there were no changes regarding cytokines or clinical variables over time, 28 as well as with endotoxin (2 ng/kg), where the cytokine pattern was similar to that in the current study 36 . Also, it is not clear whether the GCs possessed an ability to suppress cytokine release.…”

Thermogenesis by Lactobacillus plantarum No. 14 in Japanese Subjects

“…Lactic acid bacteria have not been reported to elevate body temperature in humans. The body temperature of rats increased after feeding with lactic acid bacteria (Tanida et al, 2008), and the body temperature of humans increases by 1.8 − 3.4℃ from baseline after the administration of E. coli LPS, and this is accompanied by chills, headache and nausea (Soop et al, 2004;Fijen et al, 2001). The maximum increase in chest temperature in the present study after LP14 and placebo ingestion was 0.46℃ and 0.22℃, respectively, from baseline without subjective symptoms.…”

Adenosine infusion attenuates soluble RAGE in endotoxin‐induced inflammation in human volunteers

“…In a double-blind, crossover study design, healthy volunteers were treated continuously for 5.5 h with placebo or adenosine 40 lg kg )1 min )1 i.v., a dose which has previously been used in a similar setting (Soop et al 2003a). Thirty minutes after adenosine or placebo infusion was started, volunteers were exposed to 2 ng kg )1 E-Coli endotoxin, a dose that induces a prominent inflammatory response without being hazardous to the subject (Soop et al 2004).…”