Nicotinamide Riboside, a Promising Vitamin B3 Derivative for Healthy Aging and Longevity: Current Research and Perspectives

Abstract

Many studies have suggested that the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is involved in an extensive spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetes. Further, healthy aging and longevity appear to be closely related to NAD+ and its related metabolites, including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). As a dietary supplement, NR appears to be well tolerated, having better pharmacodynamics and greater potency. Unfortunately, NR is a reactive molecule, often unstable during its manufacturing, transport, and storage. Recently, work related to prebiotic chemistry discovered that NR borate is considerably more stable than NR itself. However, immediately upon consumption, the borate dissociates from the NR borate and is lost in the body through dilution and binding to other species, notably carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. The NR left behind is expected to behave pharmacologically in ways identical to NR itself. This review provides a comprehensive summary (through Q1 of 2023) of the literature that makes the case for the consumption of NR as a dietary supplement. It then summarizes the challenges of delivering quality NR to consumers using standard synthesis, manufacture, shipping, and storage approaches. It concludes by outlining the advantages of NR borate in these processes.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Stimulates Dietary Tryptophan-Dependent Production of Barrier-Protecting Methylnicotinamide

“…Interestingly, vitamin B 3 derivatives, such as NAM riboside, are considered as beneficial supplements for healthy aging and longevity. 53 In this context, our use of GF mice provided a controlled environment to dissect a simplified interplay among LGG, dietary trp, and the host. Our findings of trp-NAM were validated in conventional mice that harbor intact gut microbiota, and highlight the reliance of certain LGG's beneficial effects on key dietary components, such as trp.…”

The Potential Benefic Effect of Nicotinamide Riboside in Treating a Murine Model of Monoiodoacetate-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis

“…The use of nicotinamide riboside as an adjuvant therapy in knee osteoarthritis holds promise due to its potential to enhance energy production, reduce inflammation, support chondrocyte function, and counteract oxidative stress [42]. While further research is needed to confirm its efficacy, NR supplementation represents an intriguing avenue for improving the management of knee osteoarthritis and potentially enhancing the quality of life of individuals affected by this condition.…”

Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics of NQO2: The Past and the Future

“…This surprising and often mis-regarded specificity renders the enzyme "mysterious" and as a consequence much less studied [1]. Indeed, the very existence of this metabolite has been poorly explored for many years and only more recently it has drawn attention as an important precursor in the synthesis of NAD(+) [3,33,34], while its unreduced form NR has been identified in dietary sources and defined as a new anti-aging vitamin [35,36]. This led some to hypothesize that NQO2 might have lost its catalytic capacity during evolution [4].…”