Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Boretsky, Adam; Gupta, Praveena; Tirgan, Nima; Liu, Rong; Godley, Bernard F.; Zhang, Wenbo; Tilton, Ronald G.; Motamedi, Massoud

doi:10.3109/02713683.2014.924147

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…15,16 Nicotine stimulates retinal angiogenesis, accelerates diabetic retinal changes, alters retinal pigment epithelial cell morphology and function, and modifies electroretinogram responses. [37][38][39][40][41][42] The expression of different nAChR subtypes in retinal stem cells and retinal progenitors is specifically distributed and is likely to be differentially regulated throughout retinal development. 43,44 Visual experience affects the expression of retinal nAchRs during postnatal retinal development in a rat model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents

Lee

et al. 2017

Eye

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PurposeTo investigate the association between urinary cotinine levels as an objective biological marker for exposure to nicotine and refractive status.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 and 2011. A total of 1139 Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years were enrolled. Urinary cotinine concentrations and other potential risk factors for myopia were examined. Correlation analyses and multivariate regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between urinary cotinine level and refractive error.ResultsSpherical equivalent correlated significantly with urinary cotinine concentration (r=0.104, P=0.011). Lower urinary cotinine level was associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors (P for trend=0.003). After adjusting for age, sex, area of residence, physical activity, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, parental income level, and receipt of basic livelihood security, subjects with a low urinary cotinine level had a significantly increased risk of myopia <-0.5 D (odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.21), <-3.0 D (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.2), and <-6.0 D (OR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.15-4.23) when compared with subjects with a high urinary cotinine level. As urinary cotinine level decreased, the risks of myopia <-0.5 D, <-3.0 D, and <-6.0 D increased significantly (P for trend <0.05).ConclusionA trend toward less myopic refractive error was observed among Korean adolescents with higher urinary cotinine levels. This result provides the epidemiologic evidence implying nicotine as a potential modulator related with refractive development. Further studies with full consideration for myopia-associated risk factors are required to yield clear answers on the direct effect of smoking to the refractive status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents

Lee

et al. 2017

Eye

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“…While some studies did not find an association of smoking with diabetic retinal changes, others identified smoking in a multiple regression analysis as risk factor for any grade of diabetic retinopathy [4547] . However, results of a recent experimental study suggest that nicotine expedites diabetesinduced retinal changes [48] . Additionally, patient characteristics such as selective mortality among smokers and patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy at baseline may provide some explanation for the apparently absent association, reported in some studies [47] .…”

Section: Acetylsalicylic Acid and Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus

Nentwich¹

2015

WJD

444

298

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In industrialized nations diabetic retinopathy is the most frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the most common cause of blindness in the working-age population. In the next 15 years, the number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus is expected to increase significantly. By the year 2030, about 440 million people in the age-group 20-79 years are estimated to be suffering from diabetes mellitus worldwide (prevalence 7.7%), while in 2010 there were 285 million people with diabetes mellitus (prevalence 6.4%). This accounts for an increase in patients with diabetes in industrialized nations by 20% and in developing countries by 69% until the year 2030. Due to the expected rise in diabetic patients, the need for ophthalmic care of patients (i.e., exams and treatments) will also increase and represents a challenge for eye-care providers. Development of optimized screening programs, which respect available resources of the ophthalmic infrastructure, will become even more important. Main reasons for loss of vision in patients with diabetes mellitus are diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Incidence or progression of these potentially blinding complications can be greatly reduced by adequate control of blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Additionally, regular ophthalmic exams are mandatory for detecting ocular complications and initiating treatments such as laser photocoagulation in case of clinical significant diabetic macular edema or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In this way, the risk of blindness can considerably be reduced. In advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy, pars-plana vitrectomy is performed to treat vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. In recent years, the advent of intravitreal medication has improved therapeutic options for patients with advanced diabetic macular edema.

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“…The ppRPE/BM layer in the OCT images was automatically segmented using OCTSEG (Version 0.4, Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University) [17]. This open-source segmentation tool has been applied to segment the continuous retinal layers [18][19][20]. However, it was difficult to segment the discontinuous retina layer in the ONH region.…”

Section: The Pprpe/bm Layer Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Basement Membrane Layer in Patients following Lumbar Puncture

et al. 2020

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Purpose: To develop and test an innovative semi-automatic method for quantifying the three-dimensional morphology of the peripapillary retinal pigment epithelium-basement membrane (ppRPE/BM) layer, with application to lumbar puncture (LP) patients. Methods: Nineteen patients undergoing LP were recruited. The optic nerve head images of both eyes were acquired in 12 radial directions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after LP. For each OCT image, the ppRPE/BM layer was automatically segmented with manual corrections by independent graders when necessary. The linear regression model of the ppRPE/BM layer was fitted using the least squares approach, and the ppRPE/BM layer angle was measured as the slope of the linear regression line. The Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlations (ICC) were used to assess the inter-observer reliabilities in measuring the ppRPE/BM layer angle. The repeated measures ANOVA analysis was applied to determine whether the ppRPE/BM layer angle changes following LP varied across the radial directions. Results: The percentages of scans that required manual corrections were 24% and 32% in the right eyes and left eyes, respectively. The Bland–Altman plots and ICC demonstrated excellent inter-observer reliability. The ppRPE/BM layer angle varied significantly across the 12 radial OCT scanning directions both before and after LP. However, the LP-induced changes in the ppRPE/BM layer angle across different radial directions were not statistically significant (p-value > 0.01). Conclusions: The three-dimensional quantifications of the ppRPE/BM layer angles, enabled by the semi-automatic method, provided enhanced information of the optic nerve head structure. For LP patients, the ppRPE/BM layer angle changes following the LP did not vary significantly across various radial directions, indicating that it could be evaluated in any radial direction.

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Nicotine Accelerates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Changes

Cited by 25 publications

References 56 publications

Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents

Lower urinary cotinine level is associated with a trend toward more myopic refractive errors in Korean adolescents

Diabetic retinopathy - ocular complications of diabetes mellitus

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Peripapillary Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Basement Membrane Layer in Patients following Lumbar Puncture

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