Nicotine administration in healthy non-smokers reduces appetite but does not alter plasma ghrelin

Pilhatsch, Maximilian; Scheuing, Hannah; Kroemer, Nils B.; Kobiella, Andrea; Bidlingmaier, Martin; Farger, Gisbert; Smolka, Michael N.; Zimmermann, U.

doi:10.1002/hup.2405

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Future studies may also be strengthened by linking these hormones with appetite and weight changes among smokers after cessation and over a longer period of time. Although we assessed total ghrelin instead of acetylated, active ghrelin, we note that total ghrelin has been related to craving with acute nicotine dosing (Pilhatsch, Scheuing et al 2014). Finally, additional experimental control over food intake prior to blood sampling should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the samples were collected to assess stress hormones for a larger project, procedures for collecting and preparing of samples for acetylated active ghrelin were not justified. Furthermore, the literature indicates that total ghrelin data yield useful information (Pilhatsch, Scheuing et al 2014). Cotinine concentrations in saliva were assayed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA; DRG Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) with inter- and intra-assay variations below 12%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Al’Absi

Lemieux

Nakajima

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Appetite hormones are directly involved in regulating satiety, energy expenditure, and food intake, and accumulating evidence suggests their involvement in regulating reward and craving for drugs. This study investigated the ability of peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin during the initial 24–48 hours of a smoking cessation attempt to predict smoking relapse at 4 weeks. Multiple regression analysis indicated that increased PYY was associated with decreased reported craving and increased positive affect. Cox proportional hazard models showed that higher ghrelin levels predicted increased risk of smoking relapse (Hazard Ratio=2.06, 95% CI=1.30 – 3.27). These results indicate that circulating PYY may have buffering effects during the early stages of cessation while ghrelin may confer increased risk of smoking relapse. Further investigation of the links between these hormones and nicotine dependence is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Al’Absi

Lemieux

Nakajima

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The results of these are very disparate and the studies differ significantly in methodology. Some studies could not corroborate that smoking or smoking cessation alters ghrelin plasma levels [23,24]. Others found that plasma levels of ghrelin were downregulated in subjects exposed to cigarette smoke [25,26,] which seems to contrast findings showing ghrelin levels to be upregulated by exposure to cigarette smoke [27] and downregulated in abstinent smokers [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

et al. 2015

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Background: Weight gain is a common but only a partially understood consequence of smoking cessation. Existing data suggest modulating effects of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin on food intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of tobacco withdrawal on plasma concentration of acetylated and total ghrelin. Methods: Fifty four normal-weighted smokers and 30 non-smoking healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Concentrations of acetylated and total ghrelin were measured in blood plasma drawn two hours after a standardized meal and three hours after the smokers smoked their last cigarette. The severity of tobacco addiction was assessed based on cotinine plasma concentration, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Results: The plasma concentration of acetylated ghrelin, but not total ghrelin, was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Moreover, we found significant negative correlations between acetylated ghrelin and all measures of the severity of nicotine dependence. Conclusions: Early abstinence from tobacco smoking seems to be associated with increased plasma concentration of the orexigenic peptide acetylated ghrelin. This could be one reason for increased food craving during nicotine withdrawal and subsequent weight gain. Smokers might compensate these effects by increasing tobacco intake.

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“…A few underlying causes have been mentioned, including nicotine use,191 physical discomfort such as dyspnoea and increased breathing effort,192 depression, and anxiety,193 seen in COPD194 as well as in NSCLC 195, 196…”

Section: Compromised Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…172 Anorexia It is acknowledged that apparently normal dietary intake in COPD patients may be insufficient to meet elevated energy requirements, but reduced food intake may also be caused by anorexia, that is, loss of appetite. 190 A few underlying causes have been mentioned, including nicotine use, 191 physical discomfort such as dyspnoea and increased breathing effort, 192 depression, and anxiety, 193 seen in COPD 194 as well as in NSCLC. 195,196 Besides pulmonary and psychological symptoms, COPD patients often experience pain.…”

Section: Compromised Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new insights and therapeutic perspective

Sanders¹,

Kneppers²,

Bool³

et al. 2015

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

119

101

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Cachexia and muscle wasting are well recognized as common and partly reversible features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adversely affecting disease progression and prognosis. This argues for integration of weight and muscle maintenance in patient care. In this review, recent insights are presented in the diagnosis of muscle wasting in COPD, the pathophysiology of muscle wasting, and putative mechanisms involved in a disturbed energy balance as cachexia driver. We discuss the therapeutic implications of these new insights for optimizing and personalizing management of COPD‐induced cachexia.

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Nicotine administration in healthy non-smokers reduces appetite but does not alter plasma ghrelin

Abstract: These results do not support a key role of peripheral ghrelin secretion in weight changes related to smoking or smoking cessation, but do not rule out that central nervous system ghrelin is involved.

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Peptide YY and ghrelin predict craving and risk for relapse in abstinent smokers

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin

Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new insights and therapeutic perspective

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