Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents

Siqueira, Lorena M.; Ryan, Sheryl; Gonzalez, Pamela K.; Patrick, Stephen W.; Quigley, Joanna; Walker, Leslie R.

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3436

Cited by 87 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 78 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Nicotine has harmful neurocognitive effects and addictive properties, particularly in the developing brains of adolescents and young adults. 47 Nicotine exposure during adolescence negatively affects memory, attention, and emotional regulation, 48 as well as executive functioning, reward processing, and learning. 49 The brain undergoes major structural remodeling in adolescence, and nicotine acetylcholine receptors regulate neural maturation.…”

Section: Flavored Vaping Liquids Have Been Associated With Higher Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing fl avors and perceived lack of negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels of dangerous chemicals into the body and cause severe lung injury and death. This article reviews the history and prevalence of vaping and available research on its health effects and effi cacy in smoking cessation, and proposes recommendations for clinicians and legislators to reduce harms associated with vaping. KEY POINTS Vaping is a common gateway to tobacco and marijuana use for adolescents and adults. The Juul vaping device delivers high nicotine concentrations that may pose a higher risk of nicotine addiction. Vaping has had unintended consequences that include poisoning of children who swallowed liquid nicotine, fi res and explosions from defective batteries in the devices, and effects on the developing brain. Vaping is associated with respiratory illness and, in rare cases, death, likely due to vaporized agents introduced into the lungs. Small amounts of heavy metals, acetone, and other carcinogenic compounds in the vaping aerosol may cause lung damage.

show abstract

Section: Flavored Vaping Liquids Have Been Associated With Higher Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following repeated exposure to nicotine, the human central nervous system undergoes structural and functional adaptations, such that the brain requires nicotine to function normally, resulting in complex, biosocial maladaptive behaviours, known as dependence [13,14]. Given their developmental stage, adolescents and young adults are uniquely susceptible to social and environmental influences to use tobacco [8,[15][16][17] and nicotine addiction [18,19]. Several lines of evidence indicate that nicotine exposure during adolescence may have lasting adverse consequences for brain development [3,[20][21][22], even in those who smoke infrequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Children and adolescents are highly susceptible to nicotine addiction, which affects their brain development, even in those who smoke infrequently. Young people who become addicted to nicotine are at greater risk of becoming lifelong tobacco consumers. The use of nicotine-delivering electronic cigarettes has risen dramatically among youths worldwide. In addition to physical dependence, adolescents are susceptible to social and environmental influences to use electronic cigarettes. The product design, flavours, marketing, and perception of safety and acceptability have increased the appeal of electronic cigarettes to young people, thus leading to new generations addicted to nicotine. Moreover, there is growing evidence that electronic cigarettes in children and adolescents serve as a gateway to cigarette smoking. There can be no argument for harm reduction in children. To protect this vulnerable population from electronic cigarettes and other nicotine delivery devices, we recommend that electronic cigarettes be regulated as tobacco products and included in smoke-free policies. Sale of electronic cigarettes should be barred to youths worldwide. Flavouring should be prohibited in electronic cigarettes, and advertising accessible by youths and young adults be banned. Finally, we recommend greater research on the health effects of electronic cigarettes and surveillance of use across different countries.

show abstract

“…34 The earlier in childhood an individual uses nicotinecontaining products, the stronger the addiction and the more difficult it is to quit. 35 The vast majority of adult smokers initiated tobacco use by 18 years of age. 31 E-cigarette solutions are often flavored, with thousands of unique flavors advertised.…”

Section: E-cigarette Solution and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Cigarettes and Similar Devices

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

FAAP, b SECTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth. The 2016 US Surgeon General's Report on e-cigarette use among youth and young adults concluded that e-cigarettes are unsafe for children and adolescents. Furthermore, strong and consistent evidence finds that children and adolescents who use e-cigarettes are significantly more likely to go on to use traditional cigarettes-a product that kills half its long-term users. E-cigarette manufacturers target children with enticing candy and fruit flavors and use marketing strategies that have been previously successful with traditional cigarettes to attract youth to these products. Numerous toxicants and carcinogens have been found in e-cigarette solutions. Nonusers are involuntarily exposed to the emissions of these devices with secondhand and thirdhand aerosol. To prevent children, adolescents, and young adults from transitioning from e-cigarettes to traditional cigarettes and minimize the potential public health harm from e-cigarette use, there is a critical need for e-cigarette regulation, legislative action, and counterpromotion to protect youth.

show abstract

Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 87 publications

References 78 publications

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Electronic cigarette use in youths: a position statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies

E-Cigarettes and Similar Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About