Nicotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke

Bélanger, Mathieu; O’Loughlin, Jennifer; Okoli, Chizimuzo T.C.; McGrath, Jennifer J.; Setia, Maninder Singh; Guyon, Louise; Gervais, André

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.011

Cited by 64 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Social exposure to smoking is a risk factor for ND symptoms in adolescents (e.g., Bélanger et al, 2008;Brook et al, 2009;De Leeuw et al, 2009). Current findings corroborated this association as smoking by friends (g = .19) predicted ND symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Intriguingly, cross-sectional studies evidence that 4-6% of never-smoking adolescents endorse items measuring ND (e.g., Bélanger et al, 2008;Racicot et al, 2011a,b). The objective of this study was to corroborate and extend previous cross-sectional findings by identifying predictors of ND symptoms longitudinally among adolescents who had never smoked a cigarette, not even a few puffs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unexpected phenomenon of ND symptoms among never-smokers has been repeatedly observed (cf., Bélanger et al, 2008;DiFranza et al, 2000;Okoli et al, 2009;Prokhorov et al, 2005;Racicot et al, 2011a,b). This longitudinal study replicated previous cross-sectional findings, as peer smoking and alcohol use predicted ND symptoms among never-smoking adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adapted items were those four answered by never-smokers; principal components analysis revealed the original component structure was retained (i.e., all items loaded on one component; all loadings > .6). Consistent with previous scoring schemes (Bélanger et al, 2008;Racicot et al, 2011a,b), items were summed to yield a composite score (range 0-12). Prevalence data are estimated for those who endorse at least one ND symptom (i.e., non-zero score).…”

Section: Nd Symptoms-ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prokhorov et al (2005) found that the prevalence of 5 of 7 withdrawal symptoms was similar in never-and former smokers. Bélanger et al (2008) reported 4.6% of never-smoking 5th graders endorsed at least one ND symptom, and SHS exposure in cars (Hedges g = .09), sibling smoking (g = .14), and peer smoking (g = .…”

Section: Nd Symptoms During Adolescence In Tobacco-naïve Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Racicot

McGrath

Karp

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Recent cross-sectional studies suggest some adolescents who have never smoked cigarettes experience nicotine dependence (ND) symptoms and that exposure to second-hand smoke, social exposure to smoking, and alcohol use are plausible correlates. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend these findings by investigating possible predictors of ND symptoms longitudinally.Method-Participants included 847 secondary school students who had never smoked cigarettes enrolled in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study. Adolescents completed self-report questionnaires measuring smoking status, ND symptoms, and risk factors for ND in smokers (i.e., socio-demographic indicators, social exposure to smoking, psychosocial indicators, and substance use) in 20 survey cycles from 7 to 11th grade. Generalized estimating equations, which account for repeated measures within individuals, were used to test the predictors of ND symptoms. Results-Consistent ContributorsSimon Racicot developed the research question, conducted the literature review, undertook the statistical analyses, interpreted the results, and wrote and revised the manuscript. Jennifer J. McGrath supervised the literature review, the statistical analyses, and revised the manuscript. Igor Karp designed the analytical plan and revised the manuscript. Jennifer O'Loughlin designed the study, contributed to the protocol development, and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript for submission. Conflict of interestThere is no conflict of interest. Conclusions-Replicating previous cross-sectional findings, peer smoking and alcohol use predicted ND symptoms among never-smoking adolescents. Extending these findings, previous predictors only observed among ever-smokers, including socio-demographic and psychosocial indicators, also predicted ND symptoms. This longitudinal investigation demonstrated the temporal relation of the predictors preceding ND symptoms. Future research should consider longer prospective studies with younger children to capture early onset of ND symptoms and with longer follow-up to detect eventual smoking uptake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nd Symptoms-ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nd Symptoms During Adolescence In Tobacco-naïve Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Racicot

McGrath

Karp

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Effect of Secondhand Smoke on Occupancy of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Brain

Brody

Mandelkern

London

et al. 2011

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Context Despite progress in tobacco control, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure remains prevalent worldwide and is implicated in the initiation and maintenance of cigarette smoking. Objective To determine whether moderate SHS exposure results in brain α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) occupancy. Design, Setting, and Participants Positron emission tomography scanning and the radiotracer 2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine (also known as 2-[18F]fluoro-A-85380, or 2-FA) were used to determine α4β2* nAChR occupancy from SHS exposure in 24 young adult participants (11 moderately dependent cigarette smokers and 13 nonsmokers). Participants underwent two bolus-plus-continuous-infusion 2-FA positron emission tomography scanning sessions during which they sat in the passenger’s seat of a car for 1 hour and either were exposed to moderate SHS or had no SHS exposure. The study took place at an academic positron emission tomography center. Main Outcome Measure Changes induced by SHS in 2-FA specific binding volume of distribution as a measure of α4β2* nAChR occupancy. Results An overall multivariate analysis of variance using specific binding volume of distribution values revealed a significant main effect of condition (SHS vs control) (F1,22=42.5, P <.001) but no between-group (smoker vs nonsmoker) effect. Exposure to SHS led to a mean 19% occupancy of brain α4β2* nAChRs (1-sample t test, 2-tailed, P <.001). Smokers had both a mean 23% increase in craving with SHS exposure and a correlation between thalamic α4β2* nAChR occupancy and craving alleviation with subsequent cigarette smoking (Spearman ρ= −0.74, P =.01). Conclusions Nicotine from SHS exposure results in substantial brain α4β2* nAChR occupancy in smokers and nonsmokers. Study findings suggest that such exposure delivers a priming dose of nicotine to the brain that contributes to continued cigarette use in smokers. This study has implications for both biological research into the link between SHS exposure and cigarette use and public policy regarding the need to limit SHS exposure in cars and other enclosed spaces.

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Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on brain functioning in never‐smoking adolescents

et al. 2020

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Introduction Brain functioning, as indexed by event‐related potentials (ERPs) representing smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing, has been found to be compromised in smokers. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in never smokers results in similar brain changes is unknown. This question is particularly relevant during adolescence, given ongoing brain maturation and a high risk of smoking initiation. The present study tested the associations between ETS exposure and ERPs reflecting cue reactivity (P3, LPP), inhibitory control (N2, P3), and reward processing (anticipation P3 (P3), feedback‐related negativity (FRN)) among never‐smoking adolescents. Methods Eighty‐four never‐smoking adolescents (nonexposed = 32, exposed = 52) performed a smoking cue reactivity, a Go/NoGo, and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task while ERPs were measured. Results Exposed and nonexposed groups did not differ in ERPs reflecting smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing. A negative correlation between ETS exposure and the anticipatory P3 suggests reduced anticipatory reward sensitivity for nondrug rewards with increased levels of ETS exposure. However, since this effect was not consistent across analyses, no strong conclusions can be formulated. In the current study, few participants reported high levels of ETS exposure; therefore, further study is necessary. Conclusions Nevertheless, from this study, it can be concluded that low‐to‐moderate exposure to ETS during adolescence does not result in functional brain changes related to smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing.

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Nicotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke

Abstract: SHS exposure in motor vehicles may be associated with ND symptoms among young never-smokers. If replicated, this finding provides support for interventions that promote non-smoking in motor vehicles.

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Predictors of nicotine dependence symptoms among never-smoking adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study

Effect of Secondhand Smoke on Occupancy of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Brain

Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on brain functioning in never‐smoking adolescents

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