Nicotine exposure and tardive dyskinesia

Yassa, Ramzy; Lal, Samarthji; Korpassy, A.; Ally, J

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90131-4

Cited by 109 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast to previous studies by Yassa et al 1987, [16] Goff et al 1992, [5] this study did not find any significant difference in the Abnormal Involuntary Scale scores between the two groups, though it was observed that the smokers had a marginally higher score. This finding was consistent with those reported by Menza et al 1991 [17] who had found no difference between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

A Study of Smoking Behaviour Among Males With Schizophrenia

Ranganathan¹

2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDNicotine dependence is the commonest substance use disorder among individuals with schizophrenia. The common co-occurrence of nicotine use and schizophrenia is a manifestation of shared underlying neurobiology. Several studies point towards linkages between the effects of nicotine and the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, studies like these have all come from the developed west with a different sociocultural milieu. It would be of importance to study smoking by patients with schizophrenia in the non-western developing countries like India. Such studies could evidence whether high smoking in schizophrenia is a universal phenomenon and also help clarify the role of cultural and other non-biological factors on the smoking behaviour. Aim-To study the relationship between smoking status and clinical characteristics in males with schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

A Study of Smoking Behaviour Among Males With Schizophrenia

Ranganathan¹

2017

jemds

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“…The relationship between smoking and tardive dyskinesia appears to be complex, as some studies have reported increased movement disorders in smokers when compared to nonsmokers. 32,33 The findings of our research should be interpreted with caution, because the process of matching control groups produced sampling bias, which might have influenced our results. Diagnostically heterogeneous samples might further bias our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Dependence: A Controlled Investigation between Users and Abusers

Qureshi

Amri

Abdelgadir³

et al. 1997

Ann Saudi Med

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This controlled study aims to identify the socioclinical factors predisposing psychiatric patients to abuse trihexyphenidyl (artane) and to document the extrapyramidal symptoms in artane abusers and users. Thirty patients (n=30), with mainly two major functional psychoses and who were abusing trihexyphenidyl, were compared with 90 artane user patients (n=90), who were matched for both the diagnosis and treatment. Besides a detailed clinical interview, each patient was assessed by using DSM-IIIR criteria, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Simpson and Angus Scale, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. The analysis of data showed that, compared with users, trihexyphenidyl abusers were significantly characterized by being unmarried, unemployed, smokers and having past and concurrent history of multiple drug abuse, and genetic loading of mental disorders. Both groups of patients were prescribed antipsychotic drugs and trihexyphenidyl on a longer basis. Besides other socioclinical parameters, premorbid personalities, stressful life events and extrapyramidals, including tardive dyskinesias, we did not differentiate between the two groups. Artane abusers, when compared with users, were significantly characterized by less negative psychopathology. However, other psychopathological domains, in particular, the positive symptoms and depression, did not differentiate between abusers and users. In conclusion, patients having these socioclinical profiles tend to develop trihexyphenidyl abuse. The mental health professionals should not prescribe trihexyphenidyl indiscriminately or for a long time to such patients, who indeed require long-term antipsychotic maintenance medications.

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“…2 However, this interpretation is difficult to reconcile with the present findings, given that neither our systemic nor intraNAc neuroleptic pretreatment protocols produce any unconditioned motivational effects in and of themselves. Finally, the proposal that smoking may represent a form of self-medication in schizophrenics is confounded by clinical findings that neuroleptic side effects, such as tardive dyskinesia, are actually worsened in schizophrenics who smoke, 32,33 and by reports that schizophrenics that smoke actually display more severe psychotic symptoms, 34 and show a poorer clinical prognosis overall. 35 Our results suggest that neuroleptics may influence the motivational properties of nicotine by increasing the sensitivity to nicotine's rewarding properties directly within the VTA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine transmission dramatically increases sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in the ventral tegmental area

2003

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Nicotine produces rewarding and aversive motivational effects in humans and other animal species. Here, we report that the mammalian ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a critical neural substrate for the mediation of both the rewarding and aversive properties of nicotine. We demonstrate that direct infusions of nicotine into the VTA can produce both rewarding and aversive motivational effects. While the rewarding effects of higher doses of nicotine were not attenuated by dopamine (DA) receptor blockade, blockade of mesolimbic DA signalling with either systemic or intra-nucleus accumbens (NAc) neuroleptic pretreatment potentiated the sensitivity to nicotine's rewarding properties over a three-order-of-magnitude dose range. Furthermore, the behavioural effects of lower doses of intra-VTA nicotine were reversed, switching the motivational valence of nicotine from aversive to rewarding. Our results suggest that blockade of mesolimbic DA signalling induced by neuroleptic medications may block selectively the aversive properties of nicotine, thus increasing the vulnerability to nicotine's rewarding and addictive properties by inducing a unique, drug-vulnerable phenotype. Molecular Psychiatry (2003) 8, 50-59. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001197Keywords: nicotine; dopamine; ventral tegmental area; reward; schizophrenia Introduction Nicotine, the psychoactive component in tobacco, is a potently addictive substance in humans and other animal species. 1,2 Indeed, smoking remains the most serious cause of preventable death in the developed world. 3 Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating the neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological substrates mediating the psychoactive properties of nicotine, the precise neural substrates responsible for the rewarding and addictive properties of nicotine have not previously been identified.Interestingly, while the prevalence of tobacco use among the general population has remained relatively stable (B25-30%), 4 the prevalence of nicotine addiction is highly elevated among schizophrenic psychiatric populations (B90%). 2 This fact represents a serious challenge to the pharmacological treatment of the schizophrenic syndrome. While traditional neuroleptic drugs have proven highly efficacious in the treatment of psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia, the exceedingly high rates of nicotine addiction found in these patients represent serious co-morbid health risk factors.Previous studies have suggested that the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway, which originates from DA cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), may be involved in mediating the rewarding effects of nicotine. 5,6 For example, neurotoxic lesions of the mesolimbic system or systemic administration of DA receptor antagonists reduce nicotine self-administration in rodents. 5,6 However, interpretations of this intravenous drug intake are complicated by the fact that mesolimbic DA receptor blockade increases intake of other drugs of abuse, most notably cocaine. 6,...

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Nicotine exposure and tardive dyskinesia

Cited by 109 publications

References 26 publications

A Study of Smoking Behaviour Among Males With Schizophrenia

A Study of Smoking Behaviour Among Males With Schizophrenia

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Dependence: A Controlled Investigation between Users and Abusers

Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine transmission dramatically increases sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in the ventral tegmental area

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