Nicotine from cigarette smoking increases circulating levels of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in male chronic smokers

Wilkins, Jeffery N.; Carlson, Harold E.; Vunakis, Helen Van; Hill, Martin; Gritz, Ellen R.; Jarvik, Murray E.

doi:10.1007/bf00433730

Cited by 205 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The finding of increased cortisol levels in smoking subjects is in accordance with other studies (e.g. Wilkins et al, 1982; Steptoe and Ussher, in this issue).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…PTSD (Neylan et al 2005). Also acute effects of smoking on the HPA-axis have been found (Wilkins et al, 1982;Kirschbaum et al, 1992 Summarizing, although there seem to be associations between traumatic stress and smoking, traumatic stress and cortisol, and between smoking and cortisol, the relationships between traumatic stress, smoking, and cortisol have not yet received much attention. This is the first study to explore the relationships between PTSD, posttraumatic depression, smoking and levels of cortisol in a sample of trauma survivors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tobacco usage interacts with postdisaster psychopathology on circadian salivary cortisol

Olff

Meewisse

Kleber

et al. 2006

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been associated with increased rates of tobacco usage as well as with dysregulations of the hypothalamus -pituitary -adrenal (HPA) axis. At the same time tobacco also affects the HPA axis. This paper examines the relationships between PTSD, posttraumatic MDD, smoking and levels of circadian cortisol 2 -3 years postdisaster. Subjects were survivors of the Enschede fireworks disaster. The sample consisted of 38 healthy survivors, 40 subjects with PTSD, and 17 subjects with posttraumatic MDD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to determine mental disorders in accordance with DSM-IV criteria. Salivary cortisol samples were collected at home immediately upon awakening, 30 min after awakening, at noon, and at 10 p.m. Quantity of smoking was measured through self-report. The results of the study show that salivary cortisol concentrations were higher in smoking subjects. Survivors with MDD following the disaster had a flatter diurnal cortisol curve than subjects with PTSD or healthy survivors. In survivors with PTSD and healthy individuals the usual dynamic pattern of increase in cortisol past awakening was present, while we did not observe this in posttraumatic MDD. These survivors with MDD tended to use more tobacco per day, and the cortisol group differences could only be revealed when we adjusted for quantity of smoking. Smoking, which may be an important palliative coping style in dealing with posttraumatic arousal symptoms, seems to mediate the relationship between traumatic stress and the HPA-axis. D

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“…The finding of increased cortisol levels in smoking subjects is in accordance with other studies (e.g. Wilkins et al, 1982; Steptoe and Ussher, in this issue).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco usage interacts with postdisaster psychopathology on circadian salivary cortisol

Olff

Meewisse

Kleber

et al. 2006

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Clinical studies also showed that high-nicotine cigarettes increase serum GH levels. 20,21 Gapstur et al found that greater alcohol intake and, to a lesser extent, greater number of cigarettes smoked per day, were associated with lower serum IGF-I concentrations in both Black and White men. Smoking was also inversely associated with IGFBP-3, but only in White men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between growth hormone 1 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer

Gao

Gong

et al. 2010

J Hum Genet

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphism of the growth hormone 1 gene (GH1) T1663A with reference to colorectal cancer. We conducted a case-control study with 315 cases of colorectal cancer and 438 population-based controls in the Jiangsu Province, China. GH1 T1663A genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) methods. Information on smoking and drinking was collected using a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model. The distribution of T/T and A/A genotypes was significantly different between controls and cases (v 2 MH ¼3.877, P¼0.049). Compared with the GH1 T/T genotype, the A/A genotype was at a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer (sex-, age-, body mass index-, smokingand alcohol drinking-adjusted OR¼0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.34-0.90). Smoking was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, whereas alcohol drinking was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Among nonsmokers or nondrinkers, individuals who had the GH1 A/A genotype were at a decreased risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with individuals who had the GH1 T allele. These results show that the GH1 T1663A A/A genotype can decrease the risk for colorectal cancer.

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“…This finding indicates multiple possibilities related to emotion-related differences in the dynamics of nicotine addiction. Systemic increases in cortisol secretion can result from exposure to high daily stress as well as from smoking (Wilkins et al 1982;Seyler Jr. et al 1984). High anger experience is usually associated with enhanced physiological activity and greater impact of environmental stressors (Suarez et al 1998;Bongard and al'Absi 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

Al’Absi

Carr

Bongard

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Nicotine may be used to manage negative emotions, and recent research suggests that smokers with high levels of hostility may use cigarettes to cope with anger provoking situations. This study evaluated the extent to which a high level of trait anger is associated with risk for relapse among smokers interested in cessation. Chronic smokers with different levels of trait anger provided reports of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and state anger, and collected saliva samples for cortisol during 24-hour ad libitum smoking and the first 24-hour abstinence period of a quit attempt. They also attended a laboratory session conducted after the 24-hour abstinence during which they performed brief mental and social stress challenges and provided blood samples for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol assays. High trait anger was associated with greater increases in state anger, withdrawal symptoms, and craving during the first 24 hour of abstinence. It was also associated with greater ACTH concentrations during the laboratory session. High trait anger was also associated with increased risk for early relapse. The findings support the hypothesis that smokers high in anger trait may have greater mood difficulties during abstinence and may be more vulnerable to early relapse than smokers with low anger trait.

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Nicotine from cigarette smoking increases circulating levels of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in male chronic smokers

Cited by 205 publications

References 23 publications

Tobacco usage interacts with postdisaster psychopathology on circadian salivary cortisol

Tobacco usage interacts with postdisaster psychopathology on circadian salivary cortisol

Relationship between growth hormone 1 genetic polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

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