Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Schneider, Nina; Jarvik, Murray E.; Forsythe, Alan B.; Read, Laura L.; Elliott, Mark L.; Schweiger, Avraham

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(83)90020-5

Cited by 164 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pooled data for each smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, with smoking abstinence defined using the most rigorous criterion available, are shown in Figure 2 (bupropion [2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] ), Figure 3 (nicotine gum [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] ), Figure 4 (transdermal nicotine 13, ) and Figure 5 (varenicline [2][3][4][5]60,61 ) and in online Appendix 6 (nicotine inhaler), Appendix 7 (nicotine nasal spray) and Appendix 8 (nicotine tablet). (The appendices are available at www.cmaj .ca/cgi/content/full/179/2/135/DC2).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Eisenberg¹,

Filion²,

Yavin³

et al. 2008

Canadian Medical Association Journal

273

181

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Health Canada recently approved the use of varenicline as a pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Varenicline works by stimulating dopamine, which results in reduced cravings and withdrawal symptoms. The drug also blocks nicotine receptors, which prevents the dopamine release associated with nicotine consumption. 1The drug has been examined in a few small randomized controlled trials.2-5 Despite limited evidence concerning its use, varenicline is viewed by many clinicians and researchers as the most effective smoking cessation aid. Consequently, there is a need for a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of varenicline relative to placebo. Furthermore, there is a need to compare the efficacy of varenicline with that of existing pharmacotherapies, including sustained-release bupropion and approved nicotine replacement therapies.We undertook a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of 7 pharmacotherapies approved for smoking cessation. We had 3 objectives: to summarize the efficacy of each pharmacotherapy; to undertake a direct comparison of varenicline and bupropion by analyzing trials that contained both varenicline and bupropion treatment arms; and to undertake an indirect comparison of all 7 pharmacotherapies using the results of the individual trials.

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Section: Efficacy Of Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Eisenberg¹,

Filion²,

Yavin³

et al. 2008

Canadian Medical Association Journal

273

181

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“…Thus 16 RCTs were included [130][131][132][133][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] (Table 32, Figure 17) and 8679 participants were included in analyses. Ten trials were conducted in the USA, one in the UK, three in Iceland, one in Japan, and the remaining study was conducted in both the UK and the USA.…”

Section: Box 7 Criteria For Studies Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[163][164][165] Four trials used continuous abstinence from quit date, 132,133,157,160 one trial used continuous abstinence for the first month of follow-up followed by 7-day point prevalence, 162 and the remaining trial used 7-day point prevalence for all time points, except at 12 months when prolonged abstinence was reported. 155 None of the four trials reporting continuous abstinence reported point prevalence abstinence.…”

Section: Definition Of Abstinencementioning

confidence: 99%

Relapse prevention in UK Stop Smoking Services: current practice, systematic reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Coleman

Agboola²,

Leonardi‐Bee³

et al. 2010

Health Technol Assess

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How to obtain copies of this and other HTA programme reports An electronic version of this title, in Adobe Acrobat format, is available for downloading free of charge for personal use from the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk). A fully searchable DVD is also available (see below).Printed copies of HTA journal series issues cost £20 each (post and packing free in the UK) to both public and private sector purchasers from our despatch agents.Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per issue and for the rest of the world £3 per issue. How to order:-fax (with credit card details) -post (with credit card details or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you to either print out your order or download a blank order form. Contact details are as follows:Synergie UK (HTA Department) Digital House, The Loddon Centre Wade Road Basingstoke Hants RG24 8QW Email: orders@hta.ac.uk Tel: 0845 812 4000 -ask for 'HTA Payment Services' (out-of-hours answer-phone service) Fax: 0845 812 4001 -put 'HTA Order' on the fax header Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to University of Southampton and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardYou can order using your credit card by phone, fax or post. SubscriptionsNHS libraries can subscribe free of charge. Public libraries can subscribe at a reduced cost of £100 for each volume (normally comprising 40-50 titles). The commercial subscription rate is £400 per volume (addresses within the UK) and £600 per volume (addresses outside the UK). Please see our website for details. Subscriptions can be purchased only for the current or forthcoming volume. How do I get a copy of HTA on DVD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd/index.shtml). HTA on DVD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTA Relapse prevention in UK Stop Health Technology Assessment is indexed and abstracted in Index Medicus/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica/EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch) and Current Contents / Clinical Medicine. NIHR Health Technology Assessment programmeT he Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 1993. It produces high-quality research information on the effectiveness, costs and broader impact of health technologies for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS. 'Health technologies' are broadly defined as all interventions used to promote health, prevent and treat disease, and improve rehabilitation and long-term care. The research findings from the HTA programme directly influence decision-making bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the National Screening Committee (NSC). HTA findings also help to improve the quality of clinical practice in t...

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“…In the 1970s, Peto predicted one billion avoidable deaths in the 20th century if then-current smoking patterns persisted and (with Doll) showed that half of all persistent smokers would eventually die of smoking, a risk that lessened with smoking cessation. There are three classes of FDA-approved smoking-control agents: nicotine replacement [e.g., in gum (the first such therapy, which was approved in 1984) and patches (199,201)]; bupropion antidepressant products; and varenicline, a nicotinic acetylcholine partial agonist (202) Gritz advanced our understanding of cigarette smoking behavior in women and other special populations through research contributions to the 1980 U.S. Surgeon General's report entitled "The Health Consequences of Smoking for Women" (208).…”

Section: Behavioral Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Prevention Research: Back to the Future

Lippman

2009

Cancer Prevention Research

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Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Cited by 164 publications

References 17 publications

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Relapse prevention in UK Stop Smoking Services: current practice, systematic reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Cancer Prevention Research: Back to the Future

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