Nicotine vaccination—does it have a future?

Schayck, Onno C. P. van; Horstman, Klasien; Vuurman, E.F.P.M.; Wert, Guido de; Kotz, Daniel

doi:10.1111/add.12569

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[ 2 ] Many types of drug forms have being developed, some of which have been withdrawn too, due to their adverse effects. [ 7 ] Success rate of all of them have being not being promising due to high relapse rate. This makes nicotine an important target for developing therapeutic vaccines against it, especially during abstinence phase.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes nicotine an important target for developing therapeutic vaccines against it, especially during abstinence phase. [ 7 ] Nicotine is the only drug of abuse in which substantial work has been done to find a therapeutic vaccines. NicVax, NicQb, Niccine, and TANIC are four vaccines presently undergoing clinical trials.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 ] After successful animal studies and phase I studies, it was found to be well tolerated without any action on other endogenous molecules. [ 7 ] NicQb is a viruses like vaccines developed by Cytos Biotechnology. [ 7 ] In phase II trials, upper one-third of participates who were high responders with high antibodies titers showed high rates of abstinence at follow-up at 6 and 12 months, but unfortunately, they also showed a higher number of side effects.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 7 ] NicQb is a viruses like vaccines developed by Cytos Biotechnology. [ 7 ] In phase II trials, upper one-third of participates who were high responders with high antibodies titers showed high rates of abstinence at follow-up at 6 and 12 months, but unfortunately, they also showed a higher number of side effects. [ 7 ] Whereas medium and low responders (2/3 of the test population) showed no difference in results as compared to placebo.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 7 ] In phase II trials, upper one-third of participates who were high responders with high antibodies titers showed high rates of abstinence at follow-up at 6 and 12 months, but unfortunately, they also showed a higher number of side effects. [ 7 ] Whereas medium and low responders (2/3 of the test population) showed no difference in results as compared to placebo. [ 7 ] Subsequently, in 2008, Novartis conducted fresh trials after reformulation of the vaccine to decrease side effect, which also failed to keep participants in continuous abstinence at 8–12 weeks after treatment was started.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Are therapeutic vaccines an answer to the global problem of drug and alcohol abuse?

2016

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Drug Abuse has become a major challenging problem for the society. It effects people of all countries economical strata's and all ages. According. Monetary loss all over the world regarding drug abuse is in million dollars, it not only has an impact on human productivity and healthcare cost but also on cost of crimes conducted by these drugs and alcohol abuse. Therapeutic vaccine has come as new approach to deal with this problem, after failures in search for a pharmaceutical agent to deal with drug of abuse and alcohol. Research in field of nicotine abuse has gone a way ahead with number of vaccines being tried clinically followed by cocaine, opioids, methamphetamine, phencyclidine and alcohol. All of them have a common mechanism of action by antibody production whereas alcohol acts by genetic intervention. None have being approved yet due to poor results in phase II trials, possibly due to not able to trigger an adequate immunological response. But still quest is on for cracking the ice by developing first successful vaccine against drug of abuse, that would follow for other drugs too. It would be great step in field of therapeutic vaccines for drug abuse after similar successful vaccines being approved for other diseases like cancer.

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Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines For Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Are therapeutic vaccines an answer to the global problem of drug and alcohol abuse?

2016

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Paradox of PEGylation in fabricating hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines

Zhao

Harmon

et al. 2018

Biomaterials

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has long been used in nanoparticle-based drug or vaccine delivery platforms. In this study, nano-nicotine vaccines (NanoNicVac) were PEGylated to different degrees to investigate the impact of PEG on the immunological efficacy of the vaccine. Hybrid nanoparticles with various degrees of PEGylation (2.5%-30%) were assembled. It was found that 30% PEGylation resulted in a hybrid nanoparticle of a compromised core-shell structure. A higher concentration of PEG also led to a slower cellular uptake of hybrid nanoparticles by dendritic cells. However, increasing the quantity of the PEG could effectively reduce nanoparticle aggregation during storage and improve the stability of the hybrid nanoparticles. Subsequently, nicotine vaccines were synthesized by conjugating nicotine haptens to the differently PEGylated hybrid nanoparticles. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, it was found that a nicotine vaccine with 20% PEGylation (NanoNicVac 20.0) was significantly more stable than the vaccines with lower PEGylation. In addition, NanoNicVac 20.0 induced a significantly higher anti-nicotine antibody titer of 3.7 ± 0.6 × 10 in mice than the other NanoNicVacs with lower concentrations of PEG. In a subsequent pharmacokinetic study, the lowest brain nicotine concentration of 34 ± 11 ng/g was detected in mice that were immunized with NanoNicVac 20.0. In addition, no apparent adverse events were observed in mice immunized with NanoNicVac. In summary, 20% PEGylation confers NanoNicVac with desirable safety, the highest stability, and the best immunological efficacy in mice.

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The continuing search for an addiction vaccine

Özgen

Blume

2019

Vaccine

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Nicotine vaccination—does it have a future?

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Are therapeutic vaccines an answer to the global problem of drug and alcohol abuse?

Are therapeutic vaccines an answer to the global problem of drug and alcohol abuse?

Paradox of PEGylation in fabricating hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccines

The continuing search for an addiction vaccine

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