Nigeria: In Search of Sustainable Peace in the Niger Delta through the Amnesty Programme

Oluduro, Olubayo; Oluduro, Olubisi Friday

doi:10.5539/jsd.v5n7p48

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Arguably, it could be viewed that the Nigerian government and the OPC are the key or main stakeholders operating in this sector. However, community involvement cannot be denied because it would be a major challenge for OPC to carry out its operations without the cooperation from the community of operation (Oluduro and Oluduro, 2012). This is consistent with Musa et al (2013: 112) assertion that "the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry of Nigeria presently lies wholly in the Niger Delta region".…”

Section: An Overview Of the Nigeria Oil And Gas Industry (Nogi)supporting

confidence: 77%

Who is Who? Identifying the Different Sub-groups of Secondary Stakeholders within a Community: A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Communities

Osobajo¹,

Moore²

2017

IBR

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The Nigerian oil and gas industry (NOGI) has over time been dominated by the Nigerian government and oil producing companies (OPCs). The influences of the community stakeholder on OPCs in the last three decades have been expressed in diverse ways by different community sub-groups through their concerns and interests, some of which have severely impacted on the NOGI. Community within this context is categorised as a primary stakeholder, while the sub-groups are secondary stakeholders that emerge from within the community. Hence, the success of the NOGI largely depends on the Nigerian government and the oil producing companies, and other players such as Non-Governmental Organisations recognising the community as a key player and having appropriate knowledge of the different sub-groups of secondary stakeholders within the community in order to understand their intentions, behaviour, interests, influences and interrelations. Such knowledge is relevant to the NOGI's formulation of future oil and gas strategy.This study commences with an overview of the primary stakeholders (i.e. the Nigerian government, OPC and the community), their respective activities, participation and the link between these stakeholders with a specific focus on the NOGI context. Subsequently, various sub-groups of secondary stakeholders within the community and their respective interest(s) are identified in detail.

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Section: An Overview Of the Nigeria Oil And Gas Industry (Nogi)supporting

confidence: 77%

Who is Who? Identifying the Different Sub-groups of Secondary Stakeholders within a Community: A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Communities

Osobajo¹,

Moore²

2017

IBR

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“…It also embraces peace, reduces conflicts, wars and crimes, limits waste as well as welcomes a sense of oneness and unity in general (Lijing, Yonghong & Yanli, 2011). Economic, social and environmental concerns as well as other development objectives can be integrated towards sustainability through CD (Oluduro & Oluduro, 2012).…”

Section: Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a gruesome amount of environmental and social challenges has erupted in the region over the years (Duru, 2014;Okonta and Oronta, 2001;Oluduro and Oluduro, 2012;Omadjohwoefe, 2011) which has resulted in constant conflicts and war amongst communities, OMNCs and the government. Various communities have mounted pressure on both the OMNCs and the government for some sort of sustainable compensation for the devastation that has plagued the entire region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Makpor¹,

Leite²

2017

IJBM

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Purpose: The reoccurrence of loss in revenue generation from the oil industry which is due to the unstable and heated relationship between oil corporations and host communities in the Niger Delta (ND) region of Nigeria has spurred the strategic social permission of oil multinational corporations (OMNCs) to operate in the country. Thus, OMNCs have continually given attention to the challenges faced by the region through community development in terms of initiatives and projects. Community development (CD) and sustainability are core to viable social responsibility (SR) whether from the part of government or from OMNCs. However, since the independence of the country in 1960, a lot of development agencies and commissions have been established by the government towards social and infrastructural development in the ND region. These agencies and commissions often combine efforts with OMNCs to enforce development and sustainability in the region which consequently result in mutual benefits on both ends. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine CD and sustainability of host communities in the ND by evaluating initiatives conducted by government development agencies such as the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and OMNCs such as ExxonMobil and Shell Petroleum Development Commission (SPDC) in the region.Approach/Design/Methodology: The paper applied a qualitative research approach. It conceptualises CD and sustainability and examines the views of community members on initiatives from the NDDC and OMNCs. Instruments for primary data collection were the Focus Group Discussion, In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and observation. The research made use of thirty IDIs and five FGDs. Secondary sources of data were journal articles, reports and other documents from both the OMNCs and NDDC. It also made use of the Nvivo11 software to organise the data while a content-based analysis was used to set data into themes. The study puts into consideration the perspectives of different community members as well as the various concepts which exist in the literature.Findings: Analysis reveals that there is positive impact when development takes place in host communities and sustainability attained but consequently, there are no probable and visible improvement of the OMNCs operations and business in the region, which is why there is reoccurrence of revenue loss in the country from the oil sector.Value/Originality: This paper gives voice to participants in a social setting by highlighting the importance of CD and sustainability in the ND region. It does this by looking into the different initiatives conducted by the NDDC, ExxonMobile and SPDC.

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“…The exclusion of grassroots organizations and the alienation of the local knowledge for peace-building and reconstruction in the Niger Delta raise some questions on the sustainability of the current unstable peace in the region (Oluduro & Oluduro, 2012;Obi & Rustad, 2011). As a result of this situation, Ibaba (2011:245) poses the following questions:…”

Section: Chibuzor Chile Nwobueze and Preye Kuro Inokoba 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Made up of scholars and opinion leaders drawn from the region, the 45-member committee under the leadership of Ledum Mitee (then MOSOP President) was inaugurated to collate and review all past reports on the Niger Delta; and appraise their recommendations and make other proposals that will help the Federal Government to achieve sustainable development, peace, human and environmental security in the Niger Delta region (Oluduro & Oluduro, 2012). The NDTC's recommendations include appointing a mediator to facilitate discussions between government and militants; granting of amnesty to some militant leaders; launching a disarmament, demobilization and rehabilitation campaign, increase in the percentage of oil revenue to the Delta to 25 per cent from the current 13 per cent; establishing regulations that will compel oil companies to have insurance bonds; making the enforcement of critical environmental laws a national priority; exposing fraudulent environmental clean-up of oil spills and prosecuting operators; and ending gas flaring by December 31, 2008 as previously ordered by the Federal Government.…”

Section: 2the Amnesty Programme and Elusive Peace In The Niger Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortgaging tomorrow’s Security through Today’s Graveyard Peace: A Critical Discourse of the Amnesty Programme in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nwobueze¹,

Inokoba²

2017

RHPS

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Over the years, as a result of its strategic importance to national development, coupled with perennial and fierce resource-induced agitations, the Niger Delta, Nigeria has become a veritable laboratory for all sorts of government interventionist and management policy measures. Although the implementation of the peace building initiative has brought about cold peace to the conflict-ridden region, the paper argued that the Amnesty Programme does not have the capacity to engender genuine and durable peace to the crisis-ridden region. This is because the focus of the peace-building strategy is geared towards addressing the symptoms rather than the root causes of the Niger Delta conflicts. The post-amnesty security environment is characterized by kidnapping, hostage-taking, oil-bunkering and attacks on critical national oil assets, a vivid indication of the deceptive peace the programme may have fostered on the oil-rich region. This has given peace-loving humanity cause for anxiety. In appraising the amnesty peace initiative, the study adopted a combination of descriptive qualitative and case study research design, with insights from structural violence paradigm. The paper concluded that, until and unless the real drivers of restiveness and violence are holistically and constructively engaged, genuine and sustainable peace and security will continue to elude the region.

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Nigeria: In Search of Sustainable Peace in the Niger Delta through the Amnesty Programme

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Who is Who? Identifying the Different Sub-groups of Secondary Stakeholders within a Community: A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Communities

Who is Who? Identifying the Different Sub-groups of Secondary Stakeholders within a Community: A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Communities

The Nigerian Oil Industry: Assessing Community Development and Sustainability

Mortgaging tomorrow’s Security through Today’s Graveyard Peace: A Critical Discourse of the Amnesty Programme in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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