Nigerian pharmacists’ self-perceived competence and confidence to plan and conduct pharmacy practice research

Abubakar, Usman; Sulaiman, Syed Azhar bin Syed; Usman, Mohammad; Umar, Muhammad D

doi:10.18549/pharmpract.2018.01.1152

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The current study set out to determine the attitude, perception, willingness, barriers and motivation towards PBR among hospital pharmacists in Pakistan. Some studies conducted in developing countries revealed that the pharmacists were least interested in conducting research [ 4 , 18 , 19 ]. In contrast to this, the results of the present study showed that Pakistani hospital pharmacists were not only well aware of the importance of PBR in emerging pharmacy practice but were also willing to participate in PBR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2018

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Background and objectivesPractice-based research (PBR) is of pivotal importance for hospital pharmacists which not only up-grades the profession but also improves the patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to PBR among hospital pharmacists in Pakistan.MethodsA descriptive, cross sectional study design was employed. Data were collected between 1st December, 2017 and 1st March, 2018 from 130 hospital pharmacists employed in 41 hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. A survey instrument comprising of six sections was designed to determine the attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to PBR. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). The normality of the data was determined through Shapiro-Wilks and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Independent Samples Mann-Whitney U Test and Independent Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test were carried out to test if there were differences among the characteristics of the hospital pharmacists. Logistic regression analysis was used to figure out the factors associated with attitude, perceptions, willingness and motivation towards PBR. A p-value <0.05 was used for statistical significance of differences.ResultsA total of 141 pharmacists were approached. Among them, 130 responded to the survey (response rate 92%). Out of a maximum score i.e., 5 (100%) the respondents obtained a median score of 4 (IQR = 0) for attitude, perception and motivation towards PBR; whereas, a median score of 4 (IQR = 1) was obtained for willingness thus demonstrating fair positive attitude, good perceptions, increased motivation and willingness towards PBR. The most common barrier limiting the pharmacists’ participation in PBR was lack of time (23.8%) followed by lack of incentives (16.2%) and lack of support (14.6%). Results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that hospital pharmacists practicing in the inpatient settings had 4.56 times more positive attitude towards PBR (OR = 4.56, 95%CI = 1.07─19.42, p-value = 0.040) as compared to those practicing in the outpatient settings. The male hospital pharmacists (OR = 8.86, 95%CI = 1.15–53.74, p-value = 0.017), those practicing in the outpatient (OR = 23.51, 95%CI = 2.04─271.53, p-value = 0.011) and inpatient settings had increased motivation towards PBR (OR = 12.24, 95%CI = 1.61─94.66, p-value = 0.016).ConclusionDespite the presence of several barriers, the respondents had fair positive attitude, good perceptions, increased motivation and willingness towards PBR which is a promising finding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2018

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“…It was indicated that just 6.7% of Qatari pharmacists self-assessed themselves as being extremely competent in dealing with software-based statistical analysis, while 17.5% evaluated themselves as very competent . In addition to that, a study among Nigerian pharmacists proved deficiency in performing statistical analysis utilizing software packages such as SPSS, STATA, and EpiInfo (Abubakar et al, 2018). The most insufficient knowledge in the present study was reported for SAS, followed by SPSS, Microsoft Access, survey monkey, and Microsoft Excel, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Biostatistical analysis knowledge of pharmacy research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

al.¹

2020

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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The aim of the current study is to explore the Biostatistical analysis of basic knowledge of Pharmacy Research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is a 4months cross-sectional survey of biostatistical knowledge used in pharmacy research. The survey consisted of two-part demographic information and the second part about pharmacist information related to the biostatistical analysis knowledge of pharmaceutical research. The 5-point Likert response scale system used. There were two methods for validation done in the current study; more than two of the authors reviewed the survey independently, the pilot study had been done, then the survey corrects accordingly, and the Cronbach's alpha test for internal reliability. The survey made an electronic format, and it analyzed through Statically Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, and survey monkey system. The total response was 209 pharmacists. The average score level of knowledge of using all types of statistical analyses in Pharmacy research was (3.23) 64.6 %. The top highest scores of the knowledge of type statistical analysis were Mean (3.73), P-value (3.70), and Standard Deviation (3.67). While the lowest score knowledge of type statistical analysis was Tukey test (2.64), McNemar Test (2.70), and Yates correction for Chi-Square (2.87). The average score level of knowledge of using the software in the statistical analysis in the Pharmacy research was (3.24) 64.8 %. The top highest scores of the experience were Microsoft Excel (3.82), and Microsoft Access (3.29); while the lowest score knowledge was SAS (2.75), and SPSS (3.08). The Cronbach's alpha test results were 0.985. The biostatistical analysis knowledge among pharmacists inadequate in the Saudi Arabia, similar to previous studies. Comprehensive education and training of biostatistics used in pharmacy research are very demandable for pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Further study with a large scale of the pharmacist, including students, is highly recommended in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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“…A pre-validated questionnaire was adopted to better fit the purpose of this study [ 15 ]. The corresponding author received the permission to use the questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire was distributed in the English language only and was divided into six parts: participants’ characteristics, research background and interest, barriers to participation, self-assessment of competence, and self-assessment of confidence to conduct research, and postgraduate training interest and preference. The questionnaire showed a moderate strong reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.60) and acceptable content validity [ 15 ]. Two experienced pharmacy practice academics read and evaluated the questionnaire for face and content validity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacists’ background, interests, barriers, self-perceived competence and confidence to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research in the GCC geographic area

Alhomoud

2020

BMC Med Educ

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Background The absence of ability and certainty to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research (PPBR) was a major issue among pharmacists worldwide as reported in previous literature, despite them having an interest in conducting PPBR. Therefore, this study aimed at highlighting the research background of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) pharmacists which are the six Arab states of the Arabian Gulf, and examining barriers to conducting PPBR. In addition, to determine the self-perceived level of competence and confidence when planning and conducting PPBR. Methods This is a descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, performed among pharmacists working in the GCC countries (i.e. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar). A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample, via distribution of 500 research participation cards to conference attendees. These cards a quick response (QR) code, which should be scanned via mobile phone, to direct all readers to the online survey. All pharmacist delegates attending the conference (i.e. the Saudi International Pharmaceutical Sciences Annual National Conference (SIPHA) and Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition (DUPHAT) in 2020 and who are working in one of the GCC co. untries as pharmacists were considered. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software. Results Two hundred and fourteen pharmacists were included. Seventy percent of the pharmacists had past PPBR background. Confidence and competence of pharmacists for research skills in regard to employing appropriate inferential statistical test, choosing software for statistical analysis, drafting a comprehensive plan for data analyses and determining appropriate sample size were weak. Highest competence and confidence were seen in preparing a presentation and searching the literature. Pharmacists with previous research experience (K-W: p = 0.001) and training (K-W: p = 0.003) had an overall ability to conduct PPBR. In addition, they had more interest in conducting PPBR (MWU = 3061.500, z = − 4.126, p = 0.000) and in learning about how to do so (MWU = 8698, z = − 1.898, p = 0.050). Conclusions Pharmacists practicing in the GCC geographic area realized the importance of planning and conducting PPBR and were more confident and competent to undertake and contribute to PPBR, except for skills related to statistical analysis. Therefore, training programmes especially for biostatistics and data analysis are mandatory to enhance pharmacists’ research capabilities.

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Nigerian pharmacists’ self-perceived competence and confidence to plan and conduct pharmacy practice research

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

Attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to practice-based research: A cross-sectional survey of hospital pharmacists in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

Biostatistical analysis knowledge of pharmacy research in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Pharmacists’ background, interests, barriers, self-perceived competence and confidence to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research in the GCC geographic area

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