Night and Day: Are Siblings as Different in Temperament as Parents Say They Are?

Saudino, Kimberly J.; Wertz, Annie E.; Gagne, Jeffrey R.; Chawla, Sonia

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.698

Cited by 77 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Plomin (1982) suggest that contrast effects are more likely when the items refer to global descriptions of behavior rather than to specific descriptions of behavior. This was confirmed by Saudino et al (2004), who report a tendency for contrast effects to be more pervasive when global ratings were required. The lack of contrast effects in the current study shows that the items of the CBCL are specific enough to prevent parents from comparing the behavior of the twins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Genetic Analyses of Maternal and Teacher Ratings on Attention Problems in 7-year-old Dutch Twins

et al. 2006

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The goal of the present study is to examine genetic and environmental influences on maternal and teacher ratings of Attention Problems (AP) in 7-year-old children. Teachers completed the Teacher Report Form (N = 2259 pairs), and mothers the Child Behavior Checklist (N = 2057 pairs). Higher correlations were found in twins rated by the same teacher than in twins rated by different teachers. This can be explained by rater bias or by a greater environmental sharing in twins, who are in the same classroom. We further found that 41% of the variation in maternal and teacher ratings is explained by a common factor. The heritability of this common factor is 78%. The heritabilities of the rater specific factors of mothers and teachers are 76% and 39%, respectively. Because Attention Problems that are persistent over situations may indicate more serious behavior problems than context dependent Attention Problems, we believe that gene finding strategies should focus on this common phenotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Genetic Analyses of Maternal and Teacher Ratings on Attention Problems in 7-year-old Dutch Twins

et al. 2006

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“…Of note, measurement error is captured by the within-family variance, and we acknowledge the variable internal consistency in our scales. The sole use of maternal reports here may inflate our associations due to rater bias and contrast effects (Saudino, 2004), as well as "perceiver effects" whereby parent characteristics affect their interpretation of child and own behaviors (Manders, Janssens, Cook, De Bruyn, & Scholte, 2009). Previous studies indicate that although parent reports identify less PDT, the PDT reported by mothers is associated at least as strongly with child adjustment as is PDT reported by children (e.g., Coldwell, Pike, & Dunn, 2008).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mother-child positivity and negativity: Family-wide and child-specific main effects and interactions predict child adjustment.

Oliver¹,

Pike²

2018

Developmental Psychology

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Links between positive and negative aspects of the parent-child relationship and child adjustment are undisputed. Scholars recognize the importance of parental differential treatment (PDT) of siblings, yet, less is known about PDT in the context of the shared (family-wide) parent-child relationship climate, or about the extent to which positivity may buffer children's adjustment from negativity. Controlling for behavioral stability, we examined the potential for positive and negative parent-child processes to interact across and between child-specific and family-wide levels in the prediction of children's adjustment. Specifically, in a sample of 2,039 United Kingdom families, we used multilevel models to examine child-specific and family-wide mother-child relationships (at 4 years)-including interactive processes-in the prediction of prosocial behavior and conduct problems (at 7 years). The majority of variance in children's adjustment resided within-families: siblings were strikingly different. Accounting for behavioral stability, family-wide negativity and negative PDT associated with both prosociality and conduct problems. More important, we demonstrated interactions between, (a) family-wide negativity and negative PDT for conduct problems, as well as, (b) positive and negative PDT in the prediction of both prosocial behavior and conduct problems. Results suggest negative PDT associates with increased conduct problems over time, even when the overall family climate is low in negativity. They also indicate a buffering role of positive PDT on the deleterious effects of negative PDT for children's adjustment. Implications for both research and practice are discussed, including the importance of information gained by considering more than one child in the family.

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“…Discrepancies are critical for numerous reasons. First, they are present across measurement methods (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005) and areas of psychological science (e.g., Barrett, 2006;Clancy, McGrath, & Oddson, 2005;Kenny, Albright, Malloy, & Kashy, 1994;Saudino, Wertz, Gagne, & Chawla, 2004). Second, discrepancies pose significant interpretive problems for researchers studying …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whose depression relates to discrepancies? Testing relations between informant characteristics and informant discrepancies from both informants' perspectives.

Reyes¹,

Goodman²,

Kliewer³

et al. 2008

Psychological Assessment

107

104

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This study examined whether mothers' and children's depressive symptoms were each uniquely related to mother-child rating discrepancies on a multidimensional dyadic construct: domains associated with parental monitoring (i.e., Child Disclosure, Parental Knowledge, and Parental Solicitation). Participants included a community sample of 335 mother/female-caregiver and child dyads (182 girls, 153 boys; 9−16 years old). Children's depressive symptoms were consistently related to each of the three domains of mother-child discrepancies. Mothers' depressive symptoms were related to perceived discrepancies in two domains (Child Disclosure and Parental Knowledge). Furthermore, these relations could not be accounted for by other informant characteristics (maternal stress, child age, child gender, child ethnicity). Findings provide important empirical support for theory suggesting that both informants' perspectives meaningfully contribute to their discrepancies in perceived behavior. Consideration of both informants' perspectives leads to valuable information as to whether any particular characteristic is an important correlate of discrepancies. Keywords attribution bias context; correspondence; depression-distortion; disagreement; informant discrepanciesIn the clinical sciences, the absence of definitive measures of constructs makes it critical to gather information on a participant's psychosocial dysfunction from the perspectives of multiple informants (e.g., self, significant other, clinician, laboratory observer, biological indices). However, one of the most consistent yet poorly understood phenomena is that multiple informants provide inconsistent ratings of the same participant's psychosocial dysfunction (e.g., Achenbach, 2006;De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005). Discrepancies are critical for numerous reasons. First, they are present across measurement methods (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005) and areas of psychological science (e.g., Barrett, 2006;Clancy, McGrath, & Oddson, 2005;Kenny, Albright, Malloy, & Kashy, 1994;Saudino, Wertz, Gagne, & Chawla, 2004). Second, discrepancies pose significant interpretive problems for researchers studying NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript the prevalence of dysfunction, risk factors, types of dysfunction to target for intervention, and the identification of evidence-based interventions (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005, 2008. Third, discrepant perceptions between informants are related to how they interact with one another and may predict and/or negatively affect psychosocial and physiological functioning (e.g., Beck, Hartos, & Simons-Morton, 2006;Ferdinand, van der Ende, & Verhulst, 2004;Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2005). Thus, the implications of discrepancies highlight the importance of understanding why they exist.Research on mechanisms accounting for discrepancies currently is at a preliminary stage (De Los Reyes & Kazdin, 2005). In fact, the clinical discrepancies literature has paid most attention to examining the relation between discrepancies a...

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Night and Day: Are Siblings as Different in Temperament as Parents Say They Are?

Cited by 77 publications

References 50 publications

Genetic Analyses of Maternal and Teacher Ratings on Attention Problems in 7-year-old Dutch Twins

Genetic Analyses of Maternal and Teacher Ratings on Attention Problems in 7-year-old Dutch Twins

Mother-child positivity and negativity: Family-wide and child-specific main effects and interactions predict child adjustment.

Whose depression relates to discrepancies? Testing relations between informant characteristics and informant discrepancies from both informants' perspectives.

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