Nile Delta exhibited a spatial reversal in the rates of shoreline retreat on the Rosetta promontory comparing pre- and post-beach protection

Ghoneim, Eman; Mashaly, Jehan; Gamble, Douglas W.; Halls, Joanne N.; AbuBakr, Mostafa

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.021

Cited by 63 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Given the poor relationship between delta shoreline erosion and post-dam sediment reduction (Figure 11), the pattern in the former group may be due to a large range of factors. Engineering works along the Nile (Ghoneim et al, 2015;Ali and El-Magd, 2016) and the Arno delta shorelines (Anfuso et al, 2011) may explain the reduction trend, but such engineered mitigation of delta shoreline erosion is likely to become costlier in the face of sea-level rise and continued sediment starvation. In the case of the Moulouya, strong erosion at the mouth (Figure 7) and increasing flattening of the delta protrusion by wave and current reworking (Figure 9) may be leading to shoreline straightening and decreasing alongshore transport rates that also imply lesser erosion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The history and development of deltas in the Mediterranean basin, one of the cradles of civilization, has been strongly intertwined with the rise and demise of cultures and societies, as well as with major cultural and economic changes, especially over the last -Stroe and Proteasea, 2015), Nile (Morhange et al, 2005;Ubeid, 2011;Ghoneim et al, 2015), Po (Simeoni et al, 2007;Simeoni and Corbau, 2009), Rhône (Sabatier et al, 2009) Ebro (Jimenez et al, 1997), Medjerda (Amrouni et al, 2014), Moulouya (Dakki, 2003), Arno (Anfuso et al, 2011), Ombrone (Pranzini, 2001). Directions for the Ceyhan are derived from delta plan-shape morphology in relation to the dominant local wave direction.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: the potential roles of fluvial sediment starvation and other factors

Besset

Anthony

Sabatier

2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The Mediterranean basin (including the Black Sea) is characterized by a plethora of deltas that have developed in a wave-influenced setting. Many of these deltas are sourced in sediments by river catchments that have been variably dammed. The vulnerability status of a selection of ten deltas subject to different levels of reduction in fluvial sediment supply following damming was analysed by quantifying changes in delta protrusion area and protrusion angle over the last 30 years. The rationale for choosing these two metrics, which do not require tricky calculations of longshore bedload transport volumes and river ‘influence’, is that as sediment supply wanes, increasing relative efficiency of waves leads to longshore redistribution of reworked sediments and progressive ‘flattening’ of the delta protrusion. The results show that eight of the ten deltas (Nile, Rhône, Ebro, Ceyhan, Arno, Ombrone, Moulouya, Medjerda) are in erosion, whereas two (Danube, Po) show stability, but the statistical relationship between change in delta protrusion area and sediment flux reduction is poor, thus suggesting that the role of dams in causing delta shoreline erosion may have been over-estimated. But this poor relationship could also be due to a long temporal lag between dam construction and bedload removal and transport to the coast downstream of dams, and, where the delta protrusion is being eroded, to bedload trapping by shoreline engineering structures and by elongating delta-flank spits. Other potential influential factors in shoreline change include subsidence, sea-level rise, storminess, exceptional river floods, and managed sediment releases downstream of dams. A longer observation period and high-resolution sediment-budget studies will be necessary to determine more definitively to which extent continued trapping of sediment behind dams will impact overall delta stability in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Mitigation of delta erosion is likely to become costlier under continued sediment starvation and sea-level rise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: the potential roles of fluvial sediment starvation and other factors

Besset

Anthony

Sabatier

2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…In commonly used moderate to high spatial resolution multispectral data, such as LS, Sentinel-2, and ASTER (30 m and 10 m in the VNIR), sandy surfaces in areas that are made up of relatively low contrasting bedrocks show similar spectral responses that hinder detailed mapping or classification of the area. This issue could likely be improved when using very high spatial resolution multispectral data with spectral channels in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum (e.g., WorldView-3) [27].…”

Section: Multispectral Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 17 of 0.5 m for the Sentinel-1 C-band signals in a dry sand surface [18] leads to the proposition that the western and northern flanks of the Rimaal structure are covered by, at most, 50 cm of dry desert sand. The longer wavelength of the PALSAR L-band ( Figure 4) was capable of penetrating deeper (~3 m in dry fine sand) and reveal larger parts of the hidden eastern flank of the inferred crater when compared to that of Sentinel-1 C-band (with max penetration of 0.5 m in dry fine sand) [15,27]. Coarse grained material are smooth to the radar L-band and, thus, radar waves are capable of penetrating deeper and reflect less energy back to the radar's receiving antenna.…”

Section: Radar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, it provides greater contrast between the structure's trough and its bright outer rim and central topographic ring and peak, emphasizing the overall circularity of the Rimaal structure. The co-polarized L-HH imagery shows a significant improvement in exposing the structure rim when The longer wavelength of the PALSAR L-band ( Figure 4) was capable of penetrating deeper (~3 m in dry fine sand) and reveal larger parts of the hidden eastern flank of the inferred crater when compared to that of Sentinel-1 C-band (with max penetration of 0.5 m in dry fine sand) [15,27]. Coarse grained material are smooth to the radar L-band and, thus, radar waves are capable of penetrating deeper and reflect less energy back to the radar's receiving antenna.…”

Section: Radar Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

Ghoneim

2018

Remote Sensing

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This work communicates the discovery of a sandy buried 10.5 km diameter near-circular structure in the eastern part of the Great Sahara in North Africa. Rimaal, meaning "sand" in Arabic, is given as the name for this structure since it is largely concealed beneath the Sahara Aeolian sand. Remote sensing image fusion and transformation of multispectral data (from Landsat-8) and synthetic aperture radar (from Sentinel-1 and ALOS PALSAR), of dual wavelengths (C and L-bands) and multi-polarization (HV, VV, HH, and HV), were adopted in this work. The optical and microwave hybrid imagery enabled the combining of surface spectral properties and subsurface roughness information for better understanding of the Rimaal structure. The long wavelength of the radar, in particular, enabled the penetration of desert sands and the revealing of the proposed structure. The structure exhibits a clear outer rim with traces of concentric faults, an annular flat basin and an inner ring surrounding remnants of a highly eroded central peak. Radar imagery clearly shows the interior wall of the structure is incised with radial pattern gullies that originate at or near the crater periphery, implying a much steeper rim wall in the past. In addition, data reveals a circumferential of a paleoriver course that flows along a curved path parallel to the crater's western margin indicating the plausible presence of a concentric ring graben related to the inferred structure. The defined crater boundary is coincident with a shallow semi-circular-like basin in the SRTM elevation data. The structure portrays considerable modifications by extensive long-term Aeolian and fluvial erosion. Residing in the Cretaceous Nubian Sandstone formation suggests an old age of ≤65 Ma for the structure. If proven to be of an impact origin, the Rimaal structure could help in understanding the early evolution of the landscape of the Eastern Sahara and holds promise for hosting economically valuable ore deposits and hydrocarbon resources in the region.

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The River Nile: Evolution and Environment

Woodward

Macklin²,

Krom³

et al. 2022

Large Rivers

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The Nile Basin drains about one tenth of the African continent and contains the longest river channel system in the world (>6500 km). The evolution of the modern drainage network and its fluvial geomorphology reflect both long-term tectonic and volcanic processes and associated changes in erosion and sedimentation, in addition to sea level changes (Said, 1981) and major shifts in both climate and vegetation during the Quaternary (Williams and Faure, 1980;Talbot and Williams, 2009;Woodward et al. 2015a;Williams 2019). In the Holocene, abrupt climate shifts, human impacts in the form of land use change over the last few millennia, and large dam construction over the last hundred years or so, have had major catchment-wide impacts on the hydrology and sediment budget of the River Nile. The river basin extends over 35° of latitude (4° S to 31° N) incorporating a great diversity of climates, river regimes, biomes and terrainsincluding the Equatorial lakes plateau of the White Nile headwaters, the semi-arid volcanic uplands of Ethiopia, the Sahara Desert, and the vast delta complex at the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is also the world's longest exotic riverit flows for almost 2700 km without any significant perennial tributary inputs. The true desert Nile begins at Khartoum (15° 37′ N 32° 33′ E) on the Gezira Plain where the Blue and White Nile converge (Figure 14.1). These two systems, and the Atbara to the north, are large rivers in their own right with distinctive fluvial landscapes and flow regimes. The Nile has a

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Nile Delta exhibited a spatial reversal in the rates of shoreline retreat on the Rosetta promontory comparing pre- and post-beach protection

Cited by 63 publications

References 35 publications

River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: the potential roles of fluvial sediment starvation and other factors

River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas: the potential roles of fluvial sediment starvation and other factors

Rimaal: A Sand Buried Structure of Possible Impact Origin in the Sahara: Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Investigation

The River Nile: Evolution and Environment

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