Nimbus-7 37 GHz Radiances Correlated with Radar Rain Rates over the Gulf of Mexico

Spencer, Roy W.; Hinton, Barry B.; Olson, William S.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<2095:ngrcwr>2.0.co;2

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The only source of polarization considered here is the ocean or ground surface. Observational and modeling studies both have shown that polarization originating from other sources such as precipitation particles is typically only a few kelvin (Liu and Simmer 1996;Weinman and Guetter 1977), though polarization signatures can reach 10-20 K in rare cases for very intense storms (Spencer et al 1983;Czekala et al 2001). Atmospheric polarization sources are of less concern in the context of data assimilation mainly because of the primitive state of NWP microphysical parameterizations, which provide little or no information on the type and shape of particles responsible for generating polarization signatures observed in clouds.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Computation of Microwave Radiances for Data Assimilation Using the “Successive Order of Scattering” Method

Greenwald

Bennartz

O’Dell

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Meteorology

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Fast and accurate radiative transfer (RT) models are crucial in making use of microwave satellite data feasible under all weather conditions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) data assimilation. A multistream "successive order of scattering" (SOS) RT model has been developed to determine its suitability in NWP for computing microwave radiances in precipitating clouds. Results show that the two-stream SOS model is up to 10 times as fast as and is as accurate as the commonly used delta-Eddington model for weaker scattering [column scattering optical depth (CSOD) Ͻ 0.01], but it is less accurate and is slower for higher frequencies (Ͼ30 GHz) in cases of moderately strong to strong scattering (CSOD Ͼ 5). If two-and four-stream SOS models are used in combination, however, it was found that 85.5-GHz brightness temperatures computed for 1°ϫ 1°global forecast fields were more accurate (Ͻ0.5 K vs 1.5 K for CSOD Ͼ 0.1) and were executed 4 times as fast as the delta-Eddington model. The SOS method has been demonstrated as an alternative to other fast RT models for providing accurate and very rapid multiple-scattering calculations at thermal wavelengths for remote sensing studies and demanding applications such as operational NWP data assimilation.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Computation of Microwave Radiances for Data Assimilation Using the “Successive Order of Scattering” Method

Greenwald

Bennartz

O’Dell

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Meteorology

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“…In one basic modeling approach, rain is constrained to below the freezing level and ice to above the freezing level (Spencer et al 1983). In a more realistic approach, vertical layers containing mixed distributions of rain, cloud liquid water, and ice particles are modeled (Wu and Weinman 1984;Liu and Curry 1992).…”

Section: Rainfall Retrieval Using Ssm/imentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite remote sensing of global rainfall using passive microwave radiometry

Ferriday¹

1994

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“…Scientists have established the regression relation between the passive microwave brightness temperature (TB) and the actual rain rate (rain rate, RR); thus, an observed TB can be input into the regression relation to estimate the RR [1,2]. However, the disadvantage of regression relations is that they are restricted to specific periods, areas, and weather systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Rainfall Associated with Typhoons over the Ocean Using TRMM/TMI and Numerical Models

Yeh¹,

Liu

Chen

2015

Water

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This study quantitatively estimated the precipitation associated with a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific Ocean by using a physical algorithm which included the Weather Research and Forecasting model, Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder model, and data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM/Precipitation Radar (PR). First, a prior probability distribution function (PDF) was constructed using over three million rain rate retrievals from the TRMM/PR data for the period 2002-2010 over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, brightness temperatures for 15 typhoons that occurred over the northwestern Pacific Ocean were simulated using a microwave radiative transfer model and a conditional PDF was obtained for these typhoons. The aforementioned physical algorithm involved using a posterior PDF. A posterior PDF was obtained by combining the prior and conditional PDFs. Finally, the rain rate associated with a typhoon was estimated by inputting the observations of the TMI (attenuation indices at 10, 19, 37 GHz) into the posterior PDF (lookup table). Results based on rain rate retrievals indicated that rainband locations with the heaviest rainfall showed qualitatively similar horizontal distributions. The correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error of the rain rate estimation were 0.63 and 4.45 mm·h −1 , respectively. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient and root-mean-square error for convective rainfall were 0.78 and 7.25 mm·h , respectively. The main contribution of this study is introducing an approach to quickly and accurately estimate the typhoon precipitation, and remove the need for complex calculations.

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Nimbus-7 37 GHz Radiances Correlated with Radar Rain Rates over the Gulf of Mexico

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Fast Computation of Microwave Radiances for Data Assimilation Using the “Successive Order of Scattering” Method

Fast Computation of Microwave Radiances for Data Assimilation Using the “Successive Order of Scattering” Method

Satellite remote sensing of global rainfall using passive microwave radiometry

Estimation of Rainfall Associated with Typhoons over the Ocean Using TRMM/TMI and Numerical Models

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