“…Further development of novel and advanced Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for demanding uses, such as electric vehicles and loadleveling applications,h as triggered intensive exploration of active, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts with sustained high lithium-storage performance, especially at high charge/ discharge rates. [1][2][3][4][5] Somew orks focus on nanosizedt ransition metal oxides (MOs) such as Co 3 O 4 ,C oO, Fe 3 O 4 ,F e 2 O 3 ,M nO 2 , NiO, and CuO, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] because MO have theoretically aboutt wice the capacity of commercial graphitic carbon per unit mass ( % 500-1000 mAh g À1 )a nd thus are regarded as promising next-generation anode materials for LIBs with high energy density.T his can be attributed to their specific Li reaction mechanism (MO x + x Li + + x e À !M + x Li 2 O), which involvest he formationand decomposition of Li 2 O, accompanied by the re-ductiona nd oxidation of metal nanoparticles, and thus differs from the classical Li insertion/deinsertion andL ia lloying processes. [3,[16][17][18][19] The specific capacity of an electrode material must be associatedw ith ag iven voltage range, both theoretically and practically.…”