Nipah Virus Infection Among Military Personnel Involved in Pig Culling during an Outbreak of Encephalitis in Malaysia, 1998-1999

Ali, Roslinah; Mounts, Anthony W.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Sahani, Mazrura; Lye, Munn Sann; Isa, Marzukhi Md.; Balathevan, K.; Arif, Md. Taha; Ksiazek, Thomas G.

doi:10.3201/eid0704.040433

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although the fruit bat (Pteropus spp.) is the natural vector (Enserink, 2000), pigs were identified as the intermediate amplifying host during this particular outbreak (Ali et al, 2001;Premalatha et al, 2000). Since then, outbreaks of NiV infection have occurred regularly in south-east Asia (Harit et al, 2006;Hossain et al, 2008;Rockx et al, 2012), with the most recent cases identified in Bangladesh in February 2015 (Anonymous, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in Nipah virus-infected human small airway epithelial cells

Escaffre

Halliday

Borisevich

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic emerging pathogen that can cause severe and often fatal respiratory disease in humans. The pathogenesis of NiV infection of the human respiratory tract remains unknown. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by airway epithelial cells in response to viral infections contribute to lung injury by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress; however, the role of ROS in NiV-induced respiratory disease is unknown. To investigate whether NiV induces oxidative stress in human respiratory epithelial cells, we used oxidative stress markers and monitored antioxidant gene expression. We also used ROS scavengers to assess their role in immune response modulation. Oxidative stress was confirmed in infected cells and correlated with the reduction in antioxidant enzyme gene expression. Infected cells treated by ROS scavengers resulted in a significant decrease of the (F 2 )-8-isoprostane marker, inflammatory responses and virus replication. In conclusion, ROS are induced during NiV infection in human respiratory epithelium and contribute to the inflammatory response. Understanding how oxidative stress contributes to NiV pathogenesis is crucial for therapeutic development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress in Nipah virus-infected human small airway epithelial cells

Escaffre

Halliday

Borisevich

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…Among the best-studied viruses in this respect are the paramyxoviruses, which include established human pathogens such as measles virus (MeV) and mumps virus (MuV), and emerging zoonotic viruses such as the henipaviruses Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). Although effective vaccines are available for MeV, it remains a leading cause of fatalities in children, with almost 140000 human deaths globally in 2010 [1] , while the henipaviruses show remarkable pathogenicity, with casefatality rates between 40%-70% in humans [2][3][4][5] . The paramyxoviruses are a subfamily of the Paramyxoviridae family [order Mononegavirales (MNV)] of enveloped, non-segmented negative-strand RNA viruses (NNSV), which also includes the Pneumovirus subfamily [6,7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paramyxovirus evasion of innate immunity: Diverse strategies for common targets

Audsley

Moseley²

2013

WJV

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“…To date, NiV has been responsible for more than 500 human cases, with mortality rates ranging from 40% (in Malaysia) (13) to 100% (in Bangladesh and India) (6,11,14). The natural hosts of henipaviruses are fruit bats (Pteropus species) (15)(16)(17), and transmission of these viruses from bats to humans may be direct or via an intermediate host like horses or pigs for HeV and NiV transmission, respectively (2,15,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Interestingly, respiratory symptoms such as cough and difficulty breathing were reported for about 70% of NiV-B-infected and less than 30% of NiV-M-infected patients (24).…”

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confidence: 99%