Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Long-Term Outcomes: Early and Late Complications

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The surgical choice treatment of the breast cancer mostly depends on the stage of the disease. In the last years, breast cancer surgery has moved from being destructive to being more respectful of the anatomical and physiological integrity of the gland. The aim of the breast surgery should be finalized to obtain the best aesthetic and functional results, respecting the principles of oncologic radicality. The present study is a retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of a conservative technique like the nipple-sparing mastectomy. Materials and Methods: We observed 894 patients with a median age of 47.5 years old, underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy between 2002–2017. The data acquired include population and tumor characteristics, patient reconstructive outcomes, including locoregional, regional, and distant metastases; other variables, among nipple–areola complex necrosis and infection were collected. Results: The complications detected were considered as “early” within 1 month later the nipple-sparing mastectomy or “late” after this time. The overall complications rate (early and late) and the overall survival and the relapses detected by this study were comparable with those reported in the literature. In order to identify factors that correlate with complications, either early or later, it has been processed an evaluation of the univariate analysis showing adjuvant chemotherapy as the only predictive factor for late complications, while we encountered no predictors for early complications. Conclusions: The present study adds to the data already present in literature, demonstrating that the nipple-sparing mastectomy is a safe procedure, providing good oncological and aesthetic results in patients carefully selected.

Breast cancer recurrence after immediate and delayed postmastectomy breast reconstruction—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…All included studies were published between February 2003 43 and October 2020 68 (Table 2). Among the 55 studies, 48 studies (87.3%) 4,8,9,11,13,[19][20][21][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]34,36,[38][39][40][41][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][56][57][58][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] were retrospective and seven (12.7%) …”

“…The weighted average proportion of local recurrences was 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.04). Proportions of regional recurrences after I-IBR were reported in 10 studies 31,[33][34][35]38,48,55,57,60,66 (I 2 = 61.2% [95% CI, 22.6%-80.5%]), including 79 regional recurrences in 2446 patients (3.2%) (Fig. 3B; Table S3b).…”

Male Breast Cancer: Treatment Trends, Reported Outcomes, and Suggested Recommendations

“…Choosing the NAC sparing mastectomy as treatment should be done with the understanding that there is limited research concerning cancer recurrence and outcomes of this type of mastectomy in men [ 39 ]. Additionally, early and late complications associated with NAC sparing mastectomies, as seen in women, should be further reviewed to aid in the treatment decision process [ 41 ].…”

Prognosis Comparison Between Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Total Mastectomy in Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study After Propensity Score Matching

“…7 The prognosis of NSM in breast cancer is being continuously explored and proven. Alessio Meter et al 8 studied complications and recurrence rates in 894 patients who underwent NSM between 2002 and 2017. The mean follow-up time was 41.2 months.…”