Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C

Nikolova, K.; Gluud, Christian; Grevstad, Berit; Jakobsen, Janus Christian

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009182.pub2

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…For instance, besifovir is an HBV inhibitor showing an efficacy similar to that of the approved inhibitor entecavir (369), but its safety is worrying (370). As the first thiazolide in clinical trials, nitazoxanide may inhibit chronic HCV (371), whereas more randomized clinical trials with a low risk of bias are still needed (372). Development of many antiviral inhibitors still depends on the results of phase 3 trials, such as human monoclonal antibody REGN2222 against RSV (373) (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02325791), the HIV NNRTI doravirine (374) (registration number NCT02397096), and the HIV integrase inhibitor GS-9883 (registration numbers NCT02607930, NCT02607956, NCT02603120, and NCT02603107).…”

Section: Forthcoming Antiviral Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

2016

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SUMMARYSince the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) HIV infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (lamivudine, interferons, nucleoside analogues, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (iii) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (ribavirin, interferons, NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and NS5B polymerase inhibitors), (iv) herpesvirus infections (5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, entry inhibitors, nucleoside analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and acyclic guanosine analogues), (v) influenza virus infections (ribavirin, matrix 2 protein inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors), (vi) human cytomegalovirus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and oligonucleotides), (vii) varicella-zoster virus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, nucleoside analogues, 5-substituted 2′-deoxyuridine analogues, and antibodies), (viii) respiratory syncytial virus infections (ribavirin and antibodies), and (ix) external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus infections (imiquimod, sinecatechins, and podofilox). Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.

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Section: Forthcoming Antiviral Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

2016

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“… 36 NTZ is available in the clinic with extensive experience involving approximately 75 million adults and children. 37 In addition to its clinical use for the treatment of rotavirus and norovirus infections, clinical trials are under investigation for the treatment of influenza 38 and hepatitis B and C. 39 , 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Brazilian ZIKV strain replication in primary human placental chorionic cells and cervical cells treated with nitazoxanide

Souza

Torres

Lima

et al. 2020

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a congenital syndrome. Although the virus can be detected in human placental tissue and sexual transmission has been verified, it is not clear how the virus reaches the fetus. Despite the emerging severity caused by ZIKV infection, no specific prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness antiviral of nitazoxanide (NTZ) in two important congenital transmission targets: (i) a primary culture of human placental chorionic cells, and (ii) human cervical epithelial cells (C33-A) infected with Brazilian ZIKV strain. Initially, NTZ activity was screened in ZIKV infected Vero cells under different treatment regimens with non-toxic drug concentrations for 48 h. Antiviral effect was found only when the treatment was carried out after the viral inoculum. A strong effect against the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was also observed suggesting the possibility of treating other Flaviviruses. Additionally, it was shown that the treatment did not reduce the production of infectious viruses in insect cells (C6/36) infected with ZIKV, indicating that the activity of this drug is also related to host factors. Importantly, we demonstrated that NTZ treatment in chorionic and cervical cells caused a reduction of infected cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased viral loads in up to 2 logs. Pre-clinical in vitro testing evidenced excellent therapeutic response of infected chorionic and cervical cells and point to future NTZ activity investigation in ZIKV congenital transmission models with the perspective of possible repurposing of NTZ to treat Zika fever, especially in pregnant women.

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“…La nitazoxanida se considera un antiviral de espectro extendido que puede ser utilizado en la infección por virus del dengue, fi ebre amarilla, virus sincitial respiratorio, parainfl uenza, coronavirus, rotavirus, norovirus, virus JC, virus de la hepatitis B, hepatitis C, VIH 59,60 y Zika. 61 A pesar de los efectos in vitro contra el virus de la hepatitis C, no se ha demostrado que la nitazoxanida mejore la morbimortalidad relacionada con esta infección. 62 Además de su actividad antiparasitaria, la nitazoxanida demuestra actividad contra bacterias aerobias, grampositivas y gramnegativas, así como cepas del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis y Mycobacterium leprae al inducir el proceso de autofagia en las células del sistema fagocítico mononuclear y la inhibición de la enzima la piruvato deshidrogenasa de Escherichia coli.…”

Section: Medicamentos Predominantemente Antimicrobianos Con Propiedadunclassified

Medicamentos versátiles: buscando balas mágicas

Rosales-Hernández¹,

Rivas-Larrauri²,

Yamazaki‐Nakashimada³

2020

Revista Latinoamericana De Infectología Pediátrica

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La autoinmunidad y la inmunodefi ciencia eran consideradas previamente condiciones mutuamente excluyentes, sin embargo, con el avance en el entendimiento de los mecanismos reguladores y del análisis genético se ha encontrado que la relación es más estrecha de lo previsto. Un paciente puede presentar manifestaciones infecciosas y autoinmunes simultáneamente. Así, existen medicamentos polifacéticos (llamados «balas mágicas» por Paul Ehrlich) que han demostrado propiedades inmunomoduladoras y antimicrobianas que pueden ser de utilidad. En este artículo se revisan los mecanismos antiinfecciosos de fármacos utilizados rutinariamente como inmunosupresores; además de las propiedades inmunomoduladoras de antibióticos, antiparasitarios, reguladores de las vías metabólicas e inhibidores de la angiogénesis que pudiesen tener implicaciones clínicas.

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Nitazoxanide for chronic hepatitis C

Cited by 27 publications

References 92 publications

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

Inhibition of Brazilian ZIKV strain replication in primary human placental chorionic cells and cervical cells treated with nitazoxanide

Medicamentos versátiles: buscando balas mágicas

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