Nitazoxanide for the empiric treatment of pediatric infectious diarrhea

Rossignol, Jean‐François; López-Chegne, Nicolás; Julcamoro, Luis Martin; Carrión, María Emilia Bolívar; Bardin, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.11.007

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They found that cooked green banana had a positive impact on the length of hospitalization among all age groups. The impact on diarrhea reduction in treatment group was consistent with the findings of the present study [31]. There was no data of weight changes of participants and the impact on the duration of fever was not consistent with the results obtained in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Kahbazi

Ebrahimi

Zarinfar

et al. 2016

Advances in Medicine

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Bacillary dysentery is a major cause of children's admission to hospitals. To assess the probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotics) effects in children with dysentery in a randomized clinical trial, 200 children with dysentery were studied in 2 groups: the synbiotic group received 1 tablet/day of synbiotic for 3–5 days and the placebo group received placebo tablets (identical tablet form like probiotics). The standard treatment was administered for all patients. Duration of hospitalization, dysentery, fever, and the weight loss were assessed in each group. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in both groups in the baseline characteristics. The mean duration of dysentery reduced (P < 0.05). The mean duration of fever has been significantly reduced in the synbiotic group (1.64 ± 0.87 days) in comparison to the placebo group (2.13 ± 0.94 days) (P < 0.001). Average amount of weight loss was significantly lower in the synbiotic group in comparison to that in the placebo group (129.5 ± 23.388 grams and 278 ± 28.385 grams, resp.; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of hospitalization in both groups (P > 0.05). The use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment of dysentery significantly reduces the duration of dysentery, fever, and rate of weight losses. The trial is registered with IRCT201109267647N1.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Kahbazi

Ebrahimi

Zarinfar

et al. 2016

Advances in Medicine

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“…In Peru, children receiving empiric nitazoxanide had a shorter duration of diarrhea associated with multiple etiologies compared with those receiving placebo (97). This benefit was also seen in the large group of patients with no identified enteropathogen.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of disease from cryptosporidiosis

Shirley

Moonah

Kotloff

2012

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

195

167

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Purpose of review The global significance of cryptosporidiosis is widespread and far-reaching. In this review, we present recent data about strain diversity and the burden of disease, along with developments in therapeutic and preventative strategies. Recent findings Cryptosporidium is an emerging pathogen that disproportionately affects children in developing countries and immunocompromised individuals. Without a diagnostic tool amenable for use in developing countries the burden of infection and its relationship to growth faltering, malnutrition, and diarrheal mortality remain underappreciated. Disease incidence is also increasing in industrialized countries largely as a result of outbreaks in recreational water facilities. Advances in molecular methods, including subtyping analysis, have yielded new insights into the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. However, without practical point-of-care diagnostics, an effective treatment for immunocompromised patients, and a promising vaccine candidate, the ability to reduce the burden of disease in the near future is limited. This is compounded by inadequate coverage with antiretroviral therapy in developing countries, the only current means of managing HIV-infected patients with cryptosporidiosis. Summary Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important diarrheal pathogens affecting people worldwide. Effective methods to control and treat cryptosporidiosis among high risk groups present an ongoing problem in need of attention.

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“…In a clinical trial, nitazoxanide reduced the duration of diarrheal illness in patients infected with G. intestinalis as well as in those with multiple etiologies or no identified enteropathogen. These results make nitazoxanide particularly suitable for empiric treatment of diarrheal illness in children where the etiology is unknown or presumed to be of infectious origin (Rossignol et al 2012).…”

Section: G Intestinalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding drug resistance in human intestinal protozoa

El-Taweel

2015

Parasitol Res

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Infections with intestinal protozoa continue to be a major health problem in many areas of the world. The widespread use of a limited number of therapeutic agents for their management and control raises concerns about development of drug resistance. Generally, the use of any antimicrobial agent should be accompanied by meticulous monitoring of its efficacy and measures to minimize resistance formation. Evidence for the occurrence of drug resistance in different intestinal protozoa comes from case studies and clinical trials, sometimes with a limited number of patients. Large-scale field-based assessment of drug resistance and drug sensitivity testing of clinical isolates are needed. Furthermore, the association of drug resistance with certain geographic isolates or genotypes deserves consideration. Drug resistance has been triggered in vitro and has been linked to modification of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, nitroreductases, antioxidant defense, or cytoskeletal system. Further mechanistic studies will have important implications in the development of second generation therapeutic agents.

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Nitazoxanide for the empiric treatment of pediatric infectious diarrhea

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Burden of disease from cryptosporidiosis

Understanding drug resistance in human intestinal protozoa

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