Nitramine-Group-Containing Energetic Prepolymer: Synthesis, and Its Properties as a Binder for Propellant

Abstract

A composite solid propellant which generates high propulsive force in a short time is typically composed of an oxidizer, a metal fuel powder and a binder. Among these, the binder is an important component. The binder maintains the mechanical properties of propellant grains and endures several thermal and mechanical stresses in the engine. Several studies have been reported for the development of energetic propellant binders for increasing the propellant′s propulsive force. While several materials have been studied for the synthesis of energetic prepolymers, a nitramine-group-containing prepolymer is a suitable candidate because these types of prepolymers are less toxic and more cost-effective when compared to the traditional glycidyl azide polymers (GAP) and triazole-based prepolymers. Considering the lack of studies for the binder using a nitramine-group-containing prepolymers, we synthesized a nitramine-group-containing monomer and polymerized a nitramine-group-containing prepolymer. The prepolymer was then used for the preparation of the binder and its thermal and mechanical properties, as well as the effect of the plasticizer, were studied. The binder that was prepared using the prepolymer containing a nitramine-group showed very high elongation, tensile strength. Nitrate-ester (NE)-type plasticizer could reduce the glassy transition temperature (Tg)of the binder successfully. Also, high-energy is released due to the decomposition of the nitramine-group at around 245 °C, thus exhibiting the efficiency of the nitramine-group-containing prepolymer as an excellent energetic binder material.

Energetic Polyoxetanes as High-Performance Binders for Energetic Composites: A Critical Review

“…Organic polymers acting as binders in solid rocket propellants are subjected to cross-linking reactions to give the propellant grains appropriate mechanical properties. Currently, solid rocket propellant formulations include polymers terminated with hydroxyl groups, which react with isocyanates to lead to cross-linked polyurethanes with suitable properties (including high abrasion resistance and high chemical resistance) [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”