Nitrate concentration and ion balance in relation to citrus nutrition

Chapman, H. D.; Liebig, George F.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v13n04p141

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, very few reports have been published on N fertilization of citrus nursery plants. Chapman and Liebig (1937;1940) found that sweet orange seedling growth with N at 0.14, 0.7, 1.4, or 840 mg•liter -1 was markedly reduced compared to plants grown at 70 or 420 mg•liter -1 . Only slightly less growth was achieved at 7 mg N/liter, and the authors suggested that the optimal solution N concentration was ≈10 mg•liter -1 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Citrus Nursery Plants

Maust¹,

Williamson²

1994

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Experiments were conducted with `Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] budded on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) or Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] seedling rootstocks to determine minimum container solution N concentrations required for optimum growth and fertilizer uptake efficiency at various growth stages. Plants were fertigated daily with 1 liter of N solution at either 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg·liter-1 from NH4NO3 or 0, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg·liter-1 from NH4NO3 dissolved in a complete nutrient solution, respectively. Percentage of N in the mature plant tissues increased as N concentration in the medium solution increased. Shoot length and leaf area increased as N concentrations increased up to a critical concentration of 15 to 19 mg·liter-1. The critical N concentration for root, shoot, and total plant dry weight was ≈18 mg·liter-1 for `Hamlin'-Cleopatra mandarin nursery plants and 15 mg·liter-1 for `Hamlin'-Carrizo nursery plants. The critical N concentration for relative total plant dry weight accumulation (percentage) for the two experiments was 16.8 mg·liter-1. In a separate experiment, plants were given labeled fertilizer N (FN) (15NH415NO3) at one of five growth stages: A) in the middle of rapid shoot extension of the third flush, B) immediately following the cessation of the third flush shoot extension but during leaf expansion, C) immediately following leaf expansion, D) before the fourth flush, or E) in the middle of rapid shoot extension of the fourth flush. Labeled FN recovery increased during rapid shoot extension of the fourth scion flush compared to the other labeling periods. FN uptake per gram of total plant dry weight was greatest during rapid shoot extension (A and E) and lowest during the intermediate labeling periods (B-D). FN supplied 21% to 22% of the N required for new growth during rapid shoot extension.

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Citrus Nursery Plants

Maust¹,

Williamson²

1994

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“…Although these data do not indicate, save by inference, what periods of the year are most vital as regards the nutrient supply of nitrogen, they do show clearly the seasons of maximum and minimum absorption and afford information of interest as bearing on the relation of nitrate absorption to temperature conditions, periods of root and top growth, and transpiration. Data concerning total leaf number and leaf area and observations on their seasonal fluctuations and relations are include'd in this report. To the knowledge of the authors, no studies of like nature have been recorded for citrus, although with reference to the seasonal requirements of these trees, CAMERON (1), CAMERON and APPLEMAN (3, 4), and CAMERON, APPLEMAN, and BIALOGLOWSKI (6), from analyses of leaves, flowers, and young fruit from field trees, have indicated the importance of the nitrogen supply within the tree prior to and during the period of blossoming, spring growth, and fruit setting. These investigators and, more recently, MARTIN (10), and HILGEMAN, SMITH, and DRAPER (7) A record of the amounts of distilled water added during the week to compensate for transpiration and the small loss from evaporation was also kept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weekly Absorption of Nitrate by Young, Bearing Orange Trees Growing Out of Doors in Solution Cultures

Chapman¹,

Parker²

1942

Plant Physiol.

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“…Other studies also showed that optimal growth under solution culture occurred at N concentrations between 0.52 and 0.7 mmol compared to 1-1.5 mmol for sand cultures (Chapman and Liebig 1941 ;Maust and Williamson 1994 ) . It could be argued that the intense mixing of an aerated solution culture system facilitates more ef fi cient nitrate uptake especially at low N concentrations.…”

Section: Soil Water Status and Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although concentrations of 200-400 mg N mg N L −1 are commonly used for fertigation of citrus grown in a potting medium, optimal growth could be attained with soil N concentrations of 15-20 mg N L −1 for an inert sand (Maust and Williamson 1994 ) and 10 mg N L −1 with solution culture (Chapman and Liebig 1941 ) . To date, most uptake studies for citrus focused on growth response to N supply (Chapman and Liebig 1941 ;Lea-Cox and Syvertsen 1996 ;Dou and Alva 1998 ) , long-term N uptake, and/or N partitioning within the plant (Legaz and Primo-Millo 1988 ;Syvertsen 1993, 1996 ) . Although plant growth response to N supply has been studied extensively, the physiological basis for improving nutrient uptake ef fi ciency (NUE) in crops remains poorly understood (Rufty et al 1990 ) .…”

Section: Uptake Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Use Efficiency in Citrus

Scholberg

Morgan

2012

Advances in Citrus Nutrition

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During the past decades, commercial citrus producers throughout the world have been facing serious challenges including restrictions on water, fertilizer and agrochemical use, potential treats of devastating diseases, and fi erce competitions for global markets. In an era of increased focus on sustainable development, smart technologies, and resource conservation, there has been gradual shift from increasing yield and maximizing pro fi ts to making better use of technical innovations to ensure more ef fi cient use of fi nite resources including land, energy, water, and nutrients. Within this context, it is relevant for scientists to critically re fl ect on how to effectively integrate information related to physiological processes, pedoclimatic conditions, and management practices to increase nutrient use ef fi ciency (NUE) in citrus production systems. Understanding the processes controlling nutrient uptake is critical for development of management practices that enhance NUE while reducing nutrient losses and potential environmental impacts. However, one of the Abstract Citrus production systems are inherently complex, which may hamper ef fi cient resource management. This chapter aims to use a systems approach for structuring more ef fi cient management options for citrus production. It starts by providing a brief overview of production trends in major production regions and outlining the use of a systems-based approach for structuring more sustainable management practices. Starting with the physiological processes and mechanisms controlling nutrient uptake of young seedlings, resource capture and utilization are presented including root growth dynamics and nutrient interception capacity as affected by diurnal crop water use, temperature, and nutrient supply. Uptake processes are scaled-up to a tree level and linked to speci fi c environmental, crop development, and management aspects and integrated into generic conceptual models with special reference to the interactive effects of irrigation and fertility management as related to crop nutrient interception capacity. Then the scope is expanded to look at nutrient management at the fi eld level on an annual basis including tree nutrient allocation, environmental emissions, and development of annual nutrient budgets. In the fi nal section, future perspectives are provided for more effective use of modeling approaches for system design and more costeffective and sustainable resource use. KeywordsNutrient use ef fi ciency • Systems analysis • System design • Resource management • Modeling approaches

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Nitrate concentration and ion balance in relation to citrus nutrition

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Citrus Nursery Plants

Nitrogen Nutrition of Containerized Citrus Nursery Plants

Weekly Absorption of Nitrate by Young, Bearing Orange Trees Growing Out of Doors in Solution Cultures

Nutrient Use Efficiency in Citrus

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