Nitrate contamination of riverbank filtrate at Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India: A case of geogenic mineralization

Gupta, Ankush; Ronghang, M.; Kumar, Pradeep; Mehrotra, Indu; Kumar, Sudhir; Grischek, Thomas; Sandhu, Cornelius; Knoeller, Kay

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.10.065

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Average NO3 concentrations ranged from 22.6 to 44.6 mg/L (as NO3), while F was < 1 mg/L. High NO3 concentrations can result from geogenic and anthropogenic sources [34]; but with NO3 leaching phyllitic and quartzite bedrock being absent, anthropogenic sources, including animal and human waste, were the likely origins of nitrate in the study area. In the Molwad RBF well, HCO3 + CO3 surpassed Cl as the dominant anion.…”

Section: Rbf Well Watermentioning

confidence: 91%

Performance of Riverbank Filtration under Hydrogeologic Conditions along the Upper Krishna River in Southern India

Boving

Patil

D’Souza

et al. 2018

Water

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Riverbank filtration (RBF) systems were installed in four rural villages along a 64 km stretch of the upper Krishna River in southern India; with each one designed to supply approximately 2500 people. Site selection criteria included hydrogeological suitability, land availability and access, proximity to villages and their population sizes, and electric power supply. Water samples were collected from the river and the RBF wells over more than one year (November 2015 to December 2017) and were analyzed for Escherichia coli bacteria, major ions, and a range of other physicochemical and chemical parameters. The shallow groundwater at the study sites was also sampled, but less frequently. The hydrogeology of the four RBF systems was described in terms of bore-log data, mixing of river and groundwater, pumping test data, and vertical water column profiling. E. coli removal percentages of >99.9% were observed immediately before and during the monsoon, when E. coli concentrations in the river were the highest. The results provide evidence that RBF installations are challenging but possible under the climate and hydrogeologic conditions prevailing in this part of southern India. Specifically, when installing RBF wells in the study, area one needs to balance the well depth and set-back distance from the river against the limited extent of alluvial deposits. The viability of RBF systems as a domestic water source is also influenced by other factors that are not limited to southern India, including surface water and groundwater salinity, agricultural practices surrounding RBF wells, and the reliability of the power grid.

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Section: Rbf Well Watermentioning

confidence: 91%

Performance of Riverbank Filtration under Hydrogeologic Conditions along the Upper Krishna River in Southern India

Boving

Patil

D’Souza

et al. 2018

Water

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“…The monitoring of main anions and cations is largely unobtrusive and indicates a good water quality (Appendix A Table A1). Known issues like a high nitrate concentration in Srinagar (c max = 78.9 mg/L, Appendix B Table A4) [9] and relatively high arsenic concentrations for example in New Delhi, Mathura and Agra (c max = 0.01-0.10 mg/L) can be confirmed [30]. Furthermore, high concentrations of nitrite (c max = 1.95-4.34 mg/L) and manganese (c max = 0.07-2.25 mg/L) were detected at Mathura and Agra (Appendix A Table A1).…”

Section: Main Ions and Docmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of emerging pollutants in source water at riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in northern India and their removal by RBF has only been investigated for an extremely polluted stretch of the Yamuna River in central Delhi [7] and their removal by RBF has only been monitored sporadically for some sites. Apart from several studies on general water quality parameters and heavy metals [8][9][10][11], only a few studies have shown the occurrence of OMPs. In this context, monitoring data for organochlorine pesticides have mainly been published [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites

Glorian

Börnick

Sandhu

et al. 2018

Water

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The study presents results of five sampling campaigns at riverbank filtration sites at the Yamuna and Ganges Rivers in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi 2015-2018. Samples were analyzed for organic micropollutants and general water quality parameters. In New Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, 17 micropollutants were detected frequently at relevant concentrations. Out of the detected micropollutants, 1H-benzotriazole, caffeine, cotinine, diclofenac, diuron, gabapentin and paracetamol were frequently detected with concentrations exceeding 1000 ng/L. Sites in Uttarakhand showed only infrequent occurrence of organic micropollutants. The mean concentration of micropollutants in the well water was lower compared to the river water. For all sites, removal rates for all micropollutants were calculated from the obtained data. Thereby, the capacity of riverbank filtration for the removal of organic micropollutants is highlighted, even for extremely polluted rivers such as the Yamuna.2 of 15 sporadically for some sites. Apart from several studies on general water quality parameters and heavy metals [8][9][10][11], only a few studies have shown the occurrence of OMPs. In this context, monitoring data for organochlorine pesticides have mainly been published [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Studies on other micropollutants like pharmaceuticals were carried out rarely [19]. The existing drinking water treatment technologies are not sufficient to remove all micropollutants from source water [15,20,21]. Consequently, and in light of the imminent risk from OMPs, the selection of source water has to be done very carefully, especially if surface water is directly abstracted for drinking water production. In case of polluted river water, RBF provides a pre-treatment for the removal of, among others, OMPs [10,22]. The removal rate depends on compound-specific properties (biodegradability and adsorption behavior) as well as on water quality, geochemical composition of aquifer material and hydraulic boundary conditions [23].The aim of the presented study is to expand the knowledge of organic and inorganic water quality at RBF sites over four years in the upper part of the Ganges and Yamuna Rivers. This includes the occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants as well as general inorganic water quality parameters. Furthermore, the efficiency of RBF at these sites to remove OMPs is characterized for the first time (other than Delhi [7]). For this purpose, different general parameter (e.g., main anions and cations, DOC) and selected typical anthropogenic organic micropollutants were analyzed. Materials and Methods Study SitesThe monitoring was done at nine selected sites in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and in New Delhi, India (Figure 1, Table 1). At every site one surface water sample and one well water sample was taken. The sites are located along the rivers Yamuna, Ganges and their tributaries. Depending on the distance from the riverbank, the production rate and duration of operation (h/day), the wells abstract a low (Agastmuni) to high (H...

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“…14 [38], sediment characteristics [39], biological indicators [40] and even key ecological processes like primary production [41] are crucial to assess the integrity and health of the ecosystem. The temporal variation in ionic composition of natural waters along with its spatial distribution in a region aids significantly to distinguish the source [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Environmental Assessment of the Natural Heritage of Dal Lake for Prospective Implication Scenarios

Bhat¹,

Khan²

2019

ESD

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Monitoring at 30 sampling sites of Dal Lake is carried out to assess its spatial-temporal heterogeneity under human pressures. P surpass critical eutrophic index ( 0.05 mgL ≤ -1 ) while nitrate-N persist beneath it ( 0.5 mgL ≤ -1 ). Semi-drainage hydrology recuperates basin volume. Autotrophic assimilation and biocalcification episodes drop conductivity. Anionic prevalence of HCO3and Clexist along Ca > Mg > Na > K cationic progression. Autochthonous sediment OM at typical < 10 C/N is the conventional nutrient source. Higher temperature and lower N:P ratio during summer develop P internal loading process. Cr, Ni and Zn exceed the sediment quality guidelines. OM enriched sediments and calcite co-precipitation curtails PTE mobility. Biomass parameters establish similar variations except species turn-over. OM immobilizes nutrients and OC provisions denitrification. Dal Lake exposed to anthro-urban intensification depends on comprehensive management interventions like National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems vital for insitu leniency control and lake-front improvement.

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Nitrate contamination of riverbank filtrate at Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India: A case of geogenic mineralization

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Performance of Riverbank Filtration under Hydrogeologic Conditions along the Upper Krishna River in Southern India

Performance of Riverbank Filtration under Hydrogeologic Conditions along the Upper Krishna River in Southern India

Water Quality Monitoring in Northern India for an Evaluation of the Efficiency of Bank Filtration Sites

A Retrospective Environmental Assessment of the Natural Heritage of Dal Lake for Prospective Implication Scenarios

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