Nitrate determines growth and protease inhibitor content of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Burberg, Christian; Ilić, Maja; Petzoldt, Thomas; Elert, Eric von

doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1674-0

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Both inhibitors were constitutively present in this strain, which confirms findings for other cyanopeptolins [51]. The fact that a similar ratio of both inhibitors was observed when the cyanobacterium was grown under different degrees of N-limitation [24] suggests a joint biosynthetic pathway with CP954 as the chlorine-containing adduct of BN920.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The production of cyanobacterial secondary metabolites (i.e., toxins and inhibitors) may be linked to the nutrient status of cyanobacteria. If toxins contain the limiting nutrient, cyanobacteria should reduce the production of these metabolites [22] except that these metabolites contribute to nutrient storage (e.g., [24]). Accordingly, the content of microcystins (MCs), N-rich cyanobacterial metabolites, was reduced upon N-limitation [48], and MC production was highest under conditions where N was least limiting [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing nutrient concentrations do not only promote the development of blooms, they may also affect the toxicity of such blooms. A number of studies have investigated the effects of environmental factors such as pH, light, iron, and major nutrients like N and P on the production and content of secondary metabolites [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Most of these studies focused on microcystin (MCs) and MC-producing cyanobacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed investigations of the interaction of cyanobacterial PIs with Daphnia have been performed with a strain of Microcystis aeruginosa that produces two cyanopeptolins that specifically target chymotrypsins in the gut of Daphnia; these inhibitors have been identified as cyanopeptolin 954 (CP954) and nostopeptin 920 (BN920) [39]. Although many aspects of the interference of these two cyanopeptolin PIs with Daphnia physiology are understood, effects of nutrient concentrations on the cellular content of these two inhibitors have not been investigated yet (except for [24]), although this strain is ideally suited for such approaches, as it does not produce microcystins [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in resource availability may affect cyanobacterial blooms directly by providing more nutrients, but also indirectly by changing their cellular toxin content and thus altering the negative interference of cyanobacteria with their grazers [21,24]. In this study, we evaluated the effect of P-availability on the growth and the content of the two cyanopeptolin PIs CP954 and BN920 in M. aeruginosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Burberg

Petzoldt

Elert

2020

Toxins

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Increased anthropogenic nutrient input has led to eutrophication of lakes and ponds, resulting worldwide in more frequent and severe cyanobacterial blooms. In particular, enhanced availability of phosphorus (P) can promote cyanobacterial mass developments and may affect the content of secondary metabolites in cyanobacteria, such as protease inhibitors (PIs). PIs are common among cyanobacteria and have been shown to negatively affect herbivorous zooplankton. Here, we test the hypothesis that P-limitation reduces the growth of Microcystis, but increases the content of PIs. In batch culture experiments with eight different initial phosphate concentrations (5–75 µM) we determined growth, stoichiometry, and PI content of Microcystis aeruginosa NIVA Cya 43. This strain produces the protease inhibitor BN920 that is converted by chlorination to CP954, which constitutes the major PI in this strain. C:N:P-ratios of the biomass indicated variation of P-limitation with treatment and time. When normalized to biomass, the PI content varied up to nearly nineteen-fold with treatment and time and was highest in the low-P treatments, especially during the mid-exponential growth phase. However, these effects were alleviated under nitrogen co-limitation. The content of CP954 showed an inverse u-shaped response to growth rate and C:N-ratio of the cyanobacterial biomass, whereas it increased with cyanobacterial C:P. The results indicate that P-limitation supports a higher content of defensive PIs and may indirectly foster cyanobacterial blooms by increasing the negative interference of cyanobacteria with their consumers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Burberg

Petzoldt

Elert

2020

Toxins

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Multiclonal study of Daphnia magna with respect to adaptation to toxic cyanobacteria

Lange

Berges

Elert

2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Mass developments of toxic cyanobacteria have increased in frequency due to global warming and eutrophication. Such cyanobacterial blooms impact whole freshwater ecosystems, especially reducing the abundance of herbivory species of the genus Daphnia. These negative effects on Daphnia have frequently been attributed to cyanobacterial secondary metabolites, among them hepatotoxic microcystins and protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors inhibit major digestive proteases in the gut of Daphnia which results in reduced fitness, that is, population growth. To date evidence for local adaptation of Daphnia to cyanobacteria is confined to microcystin‐producing cyanobacteria and based on comparison of individual clones from different populations but lacks evidence from multiclone microcosm experiments. In the present study, D. magna clones from a Swedish lake where they coexist with the microcystin‐free Microcystis sp. strain BM25 were compared to clones from a Polish population without cyanobacteria, first in single‐clone experiments and subsequently in a multiclonal experimental population. The Swedish clones were assumed to be locally adapted to this protease inhibitor‐producing cyanobacterium and indeed showed higher population growth rates, a proxy for fitness, and dominated the population in the presence of dietary Microcystis sp. BM25, but not in the absence of this cyanobacterium. The results indicate an adaptive tolerance of the Swedish population and point at local adaptation to locally co‐occurring protease inhibitor‐producing cyanobacteria.

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Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater and Two Natural Extracts as Nitrification Inhibitors on Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria, Soil Nitrate Leaching Loss, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Celery (Apium graveolens L.)

Martino

Palumbo

Iorio

et al. 2020

J Plant Growth Regul

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Nitrate determines growth and protease inhibitor content of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Cited by 14 publications

References 68 publications

Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Phosphate Limitation Increases Content of Protease Inhibitors in the Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Multiclonal study of Daphnia magna with respect to adaptation to toxic cyanobacteria

Effects of Olive Mill Wastewater and Two Natural Extracts as Nitrification Inhibitors on Activity of Nitrifying Bacteria, Soil Nitrate Leaching Loss, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Celery (Apium graveolens L.)

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