Nitrate fertilizers as environmental pollutants: Positive correlation between nitrates (NaNO3 and KNO3) used per unit area and stomach cancer mortality rates

Zaldívar, R

doi:10.1007/bf02124102

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Epidemiológica! studies have shown a link between the incidence of gastric cancer and the amount of NO 3 ingestion (191) and the use of (exposure to) nitrogen fertilizers (192)(193)(194). However, if we consider that nitrogen fertilizers may …”

Section: Thiamin (Vitamin Bj)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants: A review

Mozafar

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

167

101

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Section: Thiamin (Vitamin Bj)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants: A review

Mozafar

1993

Journal of Plant Nutrition

167

101

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“…Nitrate exposure has been positively correlated with the incidence of stomach cancer in 12 countries (Hartman, 1983) and in specific areas of several other countries, including UK, Colombia, Chile, Denmark, Hungary and Italy (Hill et al, 1973;Cue110 et al, 1976;Zaldivar, 1977;Juhasz et al, 1980;Amadori et al, 1980). However, other studies have shown no correlation, or even an inverse correlation, between nitrate exposure and the incidence of stomach cancer (Davies, 1980;Armijo et al, 1981;Forman et al, 1985).…”

Section: Nitrate Exposure Endogenous Nitrosation and Stomach Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion of N‐nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high‐ and low‐risk areas for stomach cancer in Poland

Zatoński

Ohshima

Przewozniak

et al. 1989

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Urine samples were collected from 96 inhabitants of a high-risk rural area and a low-risk urban area for stomach cancer in Poland, according to the following protocol: (1) when they were undosed; (2) after ingestion of proline 3 times a day; and (3) after ingestion of proline together with vitamin C 3 times a day. The samples were analyzed for N-nitrosamino acids and nitrates, as indices of exposure to preformed and endogenously formed N-nitrosamines. The median values of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) and N-nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) excreted in the urine of undosed subjects were not different between the two areas; but N-nitrososarcosine and 3-(N-nitroso-N-methylamino)propionic acid levels were 3- to 4-fold higher in subjects of the high-risk area. After intake of proline, the NPRO level increased (p less than 0.02) only in subjects in the high-risk area; intake of vitamin C tended to inhibit this increase in NPRO and lowered the levels of other nitrosamino acids. The urinary level of nitrates was 1.4-fold, but significantly higher among subjects in the high-risk area than among those in the low-risk area; nitrate levels were not correlated with the amounts of cured meat or types of vegetables consumed. Urinary nitrate levels and excretion of NPRO, NTCA and the sum of all nitrosamino acids analyzed showed positive, though modest, correlations. These results indicate a higher potential for endogenous nitrosamine formation, possibly by intragastric nitrosation among subjects in the high-risk rural area.

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“…N-nitroso-compounds can be formed endogenously in humans; they have been identified in vivo in the stomach, in the infected urinary bladder and in saliva and faeces [Fraser et al, 1980]. In epidemiological studies, gastric cancer risk was linked to nitrogen (fertilizer) usage in Chile [Armijo & Coulson, 1975;Zaldivar, 1977;Zaldivar & Wetterstrand, 1975] and to the nitrate concentration in well-water in Colombia [Cuello et al, 1976;Tannenbaum et al, 1979]. Case-control studies in Japan and among Japanese migrants to Hawaii [Haenszel et al, 1972] have linked gastric cancer risk to certain food items, and to well-water use in Japan ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the nitrate content in spinach

Breimer¹

1982

Fertilizer Research

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3. Gezien de relatief grote spreiding in nitraatgehalten van b.v. spinazie mogen stikstofbemestingsadviezen die erop gericht zijn het overschrijden van een bepaald nitraatgehalte in het geoogste gewas te voorkomen niet gebaseerd worden op de gemiddelde nitraatgehalten die in bemestingsproeven per stikstoftrap worden gevonden.Dit proefschrift.4. Verschuiving van de oogst van spinazie van 's ochtends vroeg naar een later tijdstip op de dag leidt niet noodzakelijkerwijs tot lagere nitraatgehalten en biedt in verband met de verdere verwerking van het produkt eerder na-dan voordelen.5. De overwegend hoge nitraatgehalten van kasgroenten in de wintermaanden zijn eerder een gevolg van de heersende lichtomstandigheden en het kasklimaat dan van het gevoerde bemestingsbeleid.6. In het kader van de nitraatproblematiek is het aanbevelen van een gevarieerde voedselkeuze en het opstellen van richtlijnen ten aanzien van het bewaren en bereiden van bepaalde groenten vooralsnog zinvoller dan het aan een maximum binden van het nitraatgehalte van een aantal 'probleem'groenten.7. Bij de huidige stand van kennis omtrent het verband tussen voeding en kanker is het opstellen van globale richtlijnen ten aanzien van voedselbereiding en -gebruik juister dan het selectief uitsluiten dan wel aanbevelen van bepaalde voedingsmiddelen. page 55, heading of Table 11: read "on" for "in" page 61, equation in section 5.4.1: read "(0-60 cm)" for "(6-60)"and "(0-6 cm)" , "harvested" for "havested"Woord vooraf Een speciaal woord van dank wil ik richten tot de heer Matser voor de voortreffelijke wijze waarop hij het tekenwerk heeft verricht.Alle anderen die op een of andere wijze aan het onderzoek hebben bijgedragen en hier niet met name zijn genoemd wil ik bij deze ook bedanken.Tenslotte wil ik alle instellingen die faciliteiten hebben geboden om de in dit proefschrift beschreven proeven uit te voeren hartelijk danken. VI PrefaceThe present investigation was carried out in the period 1977-1981 at the Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of the Agricultural University Wageningen, Netherlands. This university supplied the major financial support through a research grant, with additional financial support rendered by the Dutch Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry and Unilever Research, Netherlands. This support is gratefully acknowledged. In the present form this report is the author's doctoral dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Agricultural University.The author hereby wishes to thank prof.dr.ir. A. van Diest for his critical reading and correction of the English text, and dr.ir. J.H.G. Slangen for his valuable advices during the investigations and in the course of the preparation of this report. The author also acknowledges the valuable support received from several Agricultural Research Institutes and University Departments which made facilities and manpower available to conduct the experiments and to transform the results obtained into the present report. VII Curriculum vitaeTibbe Breimer werd in 1949 geboren te Beilen. Na het behalen va...

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Nitrate fertilizers as environmental pollutants: Positive correlation between nitrates (NaNO3 and KNO3) used per unit area and stomach cancer mortality rates

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants: A review

Nitrogen fertilizers and the amount of vitamins in plants: A review

Urinary excretion of N‐nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high‐ and low‐risk areas for stomach cancer in Poland

Environmental factors and cultural measures affecting the nitrate content in spinach

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