Nitrate limitation of N2O production and denitrification from tropical pasture and rain forest soils

Parsons, William F. J.; Mitre, Martin E.; Keller, Michael; Reiners, William A.

doi:10.1007/bf00000646

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These conclusions are consistent with the interpretation of the field measurements at Nova Vida, which indicated that forest soils did not reach WFPS sufficient to eliminate nitrification and that pasture soils did reach WFPS sufficient to promote denitrification but lacked a sufficient NO − 3 supply to generate comparable emissions of N 2 O and NO. The importance of denitrification at Nova Vida to total N oxide emissions following an increase in the supply of soil inorganic N appeared to be less than those found by other studies of tropical forest (Keller et al 1988;Parsons et al 1993;Verchot et al 1999;Hall and Matson 2003) or pasture (Veldkamp et al 1998). This again appeared to be related primarily to soil moisture status.…”

Section: Relationship Of N 2 O and No Emissions With N Cycling And Somentioning

confidence: 48%

Rates and controls of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions following conversion of forest to pasture in Rondônia

Neill

Steudler

García-Montiel

et al. 2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Tropical soils are important sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from the Earth's terrestrial ecosystems. Clearing of tropical rainforest for pasture has the potential to alter N 2 O and NO emissions from soils by altering moisture, nitrogen supply or other factors that control N oxide production. In this review we report annual rates of N 2 O and NO emissions from forest and pastures of different ages in the western Brazilian Amazon state of Rondônia and examine how forest clearing alters the major controls of N oxide production. Forests had annual N 2 O emissions of 1.7 to 4.3 kg N ha −1 y −1 and annual NO emissions of 1.4 kg N ha −1 y −1 . Young pastures of 1-3 years old had higher N 2 O emissions than the original forest (3.1-5.1 kg N ha −1 y −1 ) but older pastures of 6 years or more had lower emissions (0.1 to 0.4 kg N ha −1 y −1 ). Both soil moisture and indices of soil N cycling were relatively poor predictors of N 2 O, NO and combined N 2 O + NO emissions. In forest, high N 2 O emissions occurred at soil moistures above 30% water-filled pore space, while NO emissions occurred at all measured soil moistures (18-43%). In pastures, low N availability led to low N 2 O and NO emissions across the entire range of soil moistures. Based on these patterns and results of field fertilization experiments, we concluded that: (1) nitrification was the source of NO from forest soils, (2) denitrification was not a major source of N 2 O production from forest soils or was not limited by NO − 3 supply, (3) denitrification was a major source of N 2 O production from pasture soils but only when NO − 3 was available, and (4) nitrification was not a major source of NO production in pasture soils. Pulse wettings after prolonged dry periods increased N 2 O and NO emissions for only short periods and not enough to appreciably affect annual emission rates. We project that Basin-wide, the effect of clearing for pasture in the future will be a small reduction in total N 2 O emissions if the extensive pastures of the Amazon continue to be managed in a way similar to current practices. In the future, both N 2 O and NO fluxes could increase if uses of pastures change to include greater use of N fertilizers or N-fixing crops. Predicting the consequences of these changes for N oxide production will require an understanding of how the processes of nitrification and denitrification interact with soil type and regional moisture regimes to control N 2 O and NO production from these new anthropogenic N sources.

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Section: Relationship Of N 2 O and No Emissions With N Cycling And Somentioning

confidence: 48%

Rates and controls of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions following conversion of forest to pasture in Rondônia

Neill

Steudler

García-Montiel

et al. 2005

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…O menor efeito relativo da adição de dextrose na produção de N 2 O no solo da pastagem-controle, em relação ao Herbicida, é pertinente à resposta da adição de glicose observada em incubações laboratoriais de solos de pastagens da Costa Rica (Parsons et al, 1993).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Disponibilidade de nitrogênio e fluxos de N2O a partir de solo sob pastagem após aplicação de herbicida

Carmo

Andrade

Cerri³

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…On the second level, the clay Oxisol had greater WFPS than the sandy loam Ultisol (Figure 3). Additionally, the response of N 2 O fluxes to increases in WFPS (Parsons et al 1993). Potential denitrification was 4 times greater on the clay Oxisol than on the sandy loam Ultisol .…”

Section: Trace Gas Fluxes In Undisturbed Forestmentioning

confidence: 96%

Soil–Atmosphere Exchange of Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide in Logged and Undisturbed Forest in the Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

et al. 2005

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Selective logging is an extensive land use in the Brazilian Amazon region. The soil-atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), nitric oxide (NO), methane (CH 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) are studied on two soil types (clay Oxisol and sandy loam Ultisol) over two years in both undisturbed forest and forest recently logged using reduced impact forest management in the Tapajos National Forest, near Santarem, Para, Brazil. In undisturbed forest, annual soil-atmosphere fluxes of N 2 O (mean ± standard error) were 7.9 ± 0.7 and 7.0 ± 0.6 ng N cm −2 h −1 for the Oxisol and 1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.3 ng N cm −2 h −1 for the Ultisol for 2000 and 2001, respectively. The annual fluxes of NO from undisturbed forest soil in 2001 were 9.0 ± 2.8 ng N cm −2 h −1 for the Oxisol and 8.8 ± 5.0 ng N cm −2 h −1 for the Ultisol. Consumption of CH 4 from the atmosphere dominated over production on undisturbed forest soils. Fluxes averaged −0.3 ± 0.2 and −0.1 ± 0.9 mg CH 4 m −2 day −1 on the Oxisol and −1.0 ± 0.2 and −0.9 ± 0.3 mg CH 4 m −2 day −1 on the Ultisol for years 2000 and 2001. For CO 2 in 2001, the annual fluxes averaged 3.6 ± 0.4 mol m −2 s −1 on the Oxisol and 4.9 ± 1.1 mol m −2 s −1 on the Ultisol. We measured fluxes over one year each from two recently logged forests on the Oxisol in 2000 and on the Ultisol in 2001. Sampling in logged areas was stratified from greatest to least ground disturbance covering log decks, skid trails, tree-fall gaps, and forest matrix. Areas of strong soil compaction, especially the skid trails and logging decks, were prone to significantly greater emissions of N 2 O, NO, and especially CH 4 . In the case of CH 4 , estimated annual emissions from decks reached extremely high rates of 531 ± 419 and 98 ± 41 mg CH 4 m −2 day −1 , for Oxisol and Ultisol sites, respectively, comparable to wetland emissions in the region. We calculated excess fluxes from logged areas by subtraction of a background forest matrix or undisturbed forest flux and adjusted these fluxes for the proportional area of ground disturbance. Our calculations suggest that selective logging increases emissions of N 2 O and NO from 30% to 350% depending upon conditions. While undisturbed forest was a CH 4 sink, logged forest tended to emit methane at moderate rates. Soil-atmosphere CO 2 fluxes were only slightly affected by logging. The regional effects of logging cannot be simply extrapolated based upon one site. We studied sites where reduced impact harvest management was used while in Earth Interactions • Volume 9 (2005) • Paper No. 23 • Page 2 typical conventional logging ground damage is twice as great. Even so, our results indicate that for N 2 O, NO, and CH 4 , logging disturbance may be as important for regional budgets of these gases as other extensive land-use changes in the Amazon such as the conversion of forest to cattle pasture.

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Nitrate limitation of N2O production and denitrification from tropical pasture and rain forest soils

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Rates and controls of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions following conversion of forest to pasture in Rondônia

Rates and controls of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions following conversion of forest to pasture in Rondônia

Disponibilidade de nitrogênio e fluxos de N2O a partir de solo sob pastagem após aplicação de herbicida

Soil–Atmosphere Exchange of Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide in Logged and Undisturbed Forest in the Tapajos National Forest, Brazil

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