Nitrate nitrogen in leaves and petioles of sugar beet in relation to yield of sugar and juice purity

Last, P. J.; Tinker, P. B.

doi:10.1017/s002185960001491x

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many species temporarily accumulate nitrate in cell vacuoles within the shoot (Martinoa, Heck & Wiemken, 1981;Granstedt & Huffaker, 1982); many also reutilize reduced N from senescing leaves (Thomas, 1978;Storey & Beevers, 1977;Smirnoff & Stewart, 1985). Sugar beet transiently accumulate large quantities of nitrate, especially in the petioles (Last & Tinker, 1968;Ulrich, 1950). The accumulation of N in specific leaves and its subsequent remobilization was studied in the N o and N 126 crops grown at Broom's Barn in 1982.…”

Section: N Remobilization From Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of nitrogen uptake and its remobilization during the growth of sugar beet

et al. 1986

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The uptake and distribution of N were examined in a series of sugar-beet crops grown on different sites (Broom's Barn, Suffolk and Trefloyne, Dyfed) or with 0 (N o ) or 125 kg N/ha (N m ) between 1978 and 1982. Depletion of soil N was followed in some years.Initial rates of N uptake in spring for the N 126 crops at Broom's Barn ranged from 2-3 kg/ha per day in 1980 to 5-8 kg/ha per day in 1981 and 1982 and at Trefloyne from 4-7 kg/ha per day in 1980 to 5-4 kg/ha per day in 1979. The initial phase of N uptake in N o crops was shorter and at Broom's Barn the rate ranged from 1-6 kg/ha per day in 1979 to 5-1 kg/ha per day in 1982. Crops with high initial uptake rates had somewhat greater shoot N concentrations. There was no relation between the initial uptake rates or the total N uptake and the amounts of mineral N in the soil at the start of rapid growth in June. Simulations of early crop growth coupled with analysis of changes in the total N in the crop-plus-soil system showed that the rate of N uptake by the N 125 crops was regulated by crop demand for N as determined by growth rate in 4 of the years and by soil supply in the 5th. The analysis of the crop-plus-soil N also showed that substantial losses of N occurred when the crop was actively growing in June and July in 1979 and 1980 due to excessive rainfall following early irrigations. There were serious consequences for N uptake, N concentration in developing leaves and the overall growth of these crops.N uptake rates in autumn ranged from no net uptake in 1979 and 1980 to 0-6 kg/ha per day in the other 3 years at Broom's Barn and 1-0 kg/ha per day at Trefloyne. Large amounts of N were remobilized from the shoot to sustain the growth of the storage root in years when uptakes from the soil in autumn were small. Remobilized N represented 80, 50 and 30 % of the net increase in storage-root N between the end of August and harvest in 1979, 1980 and 1981 respectively. The amounts remobilized from shoots ranged from 8 to 18 kg N/ha and may therefore also represent a source of amino-N impurities in harvested beet. An analysis of N in individual leaves showed that remobilized N probably originated from leaf protein and that remobilization started at full expansion rather than at the onset of leaf senescence, which was often many weeks later. INTRODUCTION8 U g a r b e e t i m P r o v e s vield > excessive use has deleterious effects on the quality of the harvested beet Greater use of nitrogen fertilizer has been a major that make the crop less profitable for both grower factor in increasing yields of British arable crops, and processor. In particular, beet given too much During the past 30 years, rates applied to cereals fertilizer N contains smaller concentrations of sugar have increased five-fold and those to potatoes and higher concentrations of a-amino nitrogen three-fold, whereas applications to sugar beet have compounds, both of which decrease the efficiency only doubled (Cooke, 1972). Nevertheless, there is of sucrose extraction. concern within the sugar industry...

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Section: N Remobilization From Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of nitrogen uptake and its remobilization during the growth of sugar beet

et al. 1986

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“…Petiole NO 3 testing can effectively measure N need but may be affected by high residual soil N levels (Shock et al, 2000) or low soil moisture (Marschner, 1995). Petiole NO 3 levels may be an effective indicator of crop N status (Carter et al, 1971) but in‐season NO 3 concentrations are not well related to sugarbeet yield or quality (Last and Tinker, 1968). As such, there has been only limited success thus far in developing a method to monitor sugarbeet growth and N status within the growing season.…”

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confidence: 99%

In‐Season Prediction of Sugarbeet Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Status Using an Active Sensor

Gehl

Boring

2011

Agronomy Journal

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cally in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths so that vegetative indices can be computed. Th e normalized ABSTRACT Nitrogen fertilizer management of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) continues to increase in importance with rising fertilizer costs and industry payments weighted toward crop quality. Our objective was to evaluate the use of an optical sensor for assessment of in-season sugarbeet N status, yield, and quality prediction and total N in foliage on the day of harvest. Six N fertilizer treatments, from 0 to 225 kg N ha -1 , were applied at three sites in Michigan in 2006 and four sites in 2007. Normalized diff erence vegetative indices (NDVIs) were measured at four growing degree day (GDD) intervals in 2006, fi ve intervals in 2007, and at harvest in both years with a red-band active sensor. Leaf biomass and root yield were determined at harvest, and root samples were collected for determination of sucrose content and clear juice purity. Th e NDVI readings were useful for diff erentiating control treatments from fertilized plots but were not able to identify a yield response threshold until late in the season. Midseason 1200 to 1400 GDD, 1900 to 2300 GDD, and harvest NDVI values were strongly related to recoverable white sucrose per area (R 2 = 0.89, 0.87, and 0.80, respectively). Harvest NDVI was strongly related to sugarbeet vegetation total N (R 2 = 0.87). Active sensing during the growing season shows promise as a means to estimate root yield and recoverable sugar in sugarbeet fi elds. Sensing on the day of harvest may improve rotational N management by providing an indication of N return to the cropping system.

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“…Days after seeding was identified by Strandberg (2001) as one of the growth parameters that are appropriate as indicators of carrot growth stage, because carrots have no defined growth stages during the first year of growth. Similar decreases in sap NO 3 -N concentrations over the season were found for sugarbeet in England (Last and Tinker 1968). The timing of periods of insufficient rainfall could also explain differences in sap nitrate concentrations among years, because a dry period is likely to reduce N uptake but concentrate nitrate in the sap.…”

Section: Carrot Critical Sap and Soil Nitrate Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, this difference may be due to the lack of yield effect on organic soil in all 3 years and the inability to identify precise critical values. Variability among sites in sap NO 3 -N concentrations has been noted previously (Last and Tinker 1968).…”

Section: Carrot Critical Sap and Soil Nitrate Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In addition, critical tissue NO 3 -N concentrations determined in other regions are not useful for N management of carrots, onions, and cabbage in Ontario because of variations in climate, soil, and cultivar (Westerveld et al 2003b). The usefulness of sap NO 3 -N tests is reduced in certain instances because of variability in sap NO 3 -N concentrations caused by aging of sample material (sweet corn), differences among sites (sugarbeets), differences among cultivars (tomato), and large decreases in concentrations over the season (potato) (Coltman 1988;Hartz et al 1993;Geypens and Vandendriessche 1996;Last and Tinker 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Establishment of Critical Sap and Soil Nitrate Concentrations using a Cardy Nitrate Meter for Two Carrot Cultivars Grown on Organic and Mineral Soil

Westerveld

McDonald

McKeown

2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Nitrate (NO 3 2 ) meters have been used effectively for crop nitrogen (N) management in many crops, including corn and cabbage. The use of a Cardy NO 3 2 meter to assess the N status of the carrot crop could improve the utilization of applied N, but critical NO 3 -N concentrations are required. Two carrot cultivars were grown on mineral and organic soils over 3 years at five N application rates to establish critical sap and soil NO 3 -N concentrations and to identify the effects of soil type and cultivar. Although a yield response to N application occurred on mineral soil in 2 of 3 years, consistent critical sap NO 3 -N concentrations could not be established because of variability among years, cultivars, and soil types. Critical soil nitrate concentrations were highly variable, but values of 31 to 36 mg . L 21 NO 3 -N could be established for the early sampling date to 30 cm deep. Sap NO 3 -N concentrations cannot be used alone for N analysis of carrots, but early-season soil NO 3 -N assessment could be useful in adjusting N-fertilization practices.

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Nitrate nitrogen in leaves and petioles of sugar beet in relation to yield of sugar and juice purity

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The dynamics of nitrogen uptake and its remobilization during the growth of sugar beet

The dynamics of nitrogen uptake and its remobilization during the growth of sugar beet

In‐Season Prediction of Sugarbeet Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Status Using an Active Sensor

Establishment of Critical Sap and Soil Nitrate Concentrations using a Cardy Nitrate Meter for Two Carrot Cultivars Grown on Organic and Mineral Soil

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