Nitrate Removal from Floodwater Overlying Flooded Soils and Sediments

Engler, Robert M.; Patrick, W. H.

doi:10.2134/jeq1974.00472425000300040025x

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Nitrate uptake by aquatic plants, NO 3-reduction, and denitrification in the water and underlying anaerobic soil probably accounted for NO s-removal from the inflow drainage water. Several studies (Engler and Patrick 1974, Reddy and others 1978, 1980 have indicated that NOsremoval from the overlying floodwater was due to diffusion of NOs-into underlying soil followed by denitrification. In the reservoirs, NOs ~ removal by reservoir R1, or reservoir R2 (first reservoir in series of small reservoirs) was probably due to assimilation by waterhyacinth plants (Dunigan andothers 1975, Cornwell andothers 1977) and to denitrification in the anaerobic water column and underlying sediments.…”

Section: Associated Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Reddy

Sacco

Graetz

et al. 1982

Environmental Management

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/ Potential use of reservoirs and flooded fields stocked with aquatic plants for reduction of the nutrient levels of organic soil drainage water was evaluated. The treatment systems include 1) a large single reservoir (R1) stocked with waterhyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes), elodea ( Egeria densa), and cattails ( Typha sp.) in series; 2) three small reservoirs in series with waterhyacinth (R2), elodea (R3), and cattails (R4), grown in independent reservoirs; 3) a control reservoir (R5) with no cultivated plants; 4) a large single flooded field planted to cattails; 5) three small flooded fields in a series planted to cattails; and 6) a flooded field with no cultivated plants. Drainage water was pumped daily (6 hours a day, and 6 days a week) into these systems for a period of 27 months at predetermined constant flow rates. Water samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of each treatment system and analyzed for N and P forms.The series of reservoirs stocked with aquatic plants functioned effectively in the removal of N and P from agricultural drainage water, compared to a single large reservoir. Allowing the water to flow th rough the reservoir stocked with waterhyacinth plants with a residence time of 3.6 days was adequate to remove about 50% of the incoming inorganic N. Allowing the water to flow through a series of two small reservoirs, R2 and R3, with a residence time of 7.3 days was necessary to remove about 60% of the incoming ortho-P. Flooded fields were effective in the removal of inorganic N, but showed poor efficiency in the removal of ortho-P.

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Section: Associated Processesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Reddy

Sacco

Graetz

et al. 1982

Environmental Management

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“…It is the coupling of aerobic (nitrification) and anaerobic (denitrification) reactions that allows wetlands to function most effectively to "remove" nitrogen from the ecosystem. In contrast to deeper aquatic systems, the shallow water-sediment interface (Engler and Patrick 1974), root rhizospheres (Reddy, Patrick, and Lindau 1989), and alternating dry and inundated conditions of wetlands favor nitrification-denitrification reactions (Ponnamperuma 1972). This is the reason that the conversion of shallow, more seasonal type wetlands to deeper, more permanent type wetlands actually decreases many of the microbially mediated biogeochemical functions.…”

Section: Function 4: Remove Convert and Sequester Dissolved Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Regional Guidebook for Applying the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing Wetland Functions of Prairie Potholes

Gilbert¹,

Whited²,

Clairain³

et al. 2006

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ABSTRACT:The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Approach is a method for developing functional indices and the protocols used to apply these indices to the assessment of wetland functions at a site-specific scale. The HGM Approach was initially designed to be used in the context of the Clean Water Act, Section 404 Regulatory Program, permit review to analyze project alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of compensatory mitigation. However, a variety of other potential uses have been identified, including the determination of minimal effects under the Food Security Act, design of wetland restoration projects, and management of wetlands.This report uses the HGM Approach to develop a Regional Guidebook to (a) characterize ponded, herbaceous marshes of the glaciated Prairie Pothole Region, (b) provide the rationale used to select functions of the ponded, herbaceous depressional marsh subclass, (c) provide the rationale used to select model variables and metrics, (d) provide the rationale used to develop assessment models, (e) provide data from reference wetlands and document its use in calibrating model variables and assessment models, and (f) outline the necessary protocols for applying the functional indices to the assessment of wetland functions. DISCLAIMER:The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.

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“…Generally, nitrification may not be completely inhibited in wet or flooded rice soils because NH4 could be oxidized to NO3 in the thin O2-containing surface soil layer and in the overlaying water phase of flooded soils [35]. Although nitrifying activity in flooded soils may be substantially lower than in unflooded soils, a large number of nitrifying organisms have been shown to occur in the surface layers of flooded soils [33]; the number, however, decreased with soil depth.…”

Section: Nitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen losses and fertilizer N use efficiency in irrigated porous soils

Aulakh

Bijay‐Singh

1996

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

102

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Porous soils are characterized by high infiltration, low moisture retention and poor fertility due to limitation of organic matter and nitrogen (N). However, wherever irrigated and properly managed, these are among the most productive soils in the world. For sustained productivity and prevention of N related pollution problems, fertilizer N management in porous soils needs to be improved by reducing losses of N via different mechanisms. Losses of N through ammonia volatilization are not favoured in porous soils provided fertilizer N is applied before an irrigation or rainfall event. Ammonium N transported to depth along with percolating water cannot move back to soil surface where it is prone to be lost as NH3. Under upland conditions nitrification proceeds rapidly in porous soils. Due to high water percolation rates in porous soils, continuous flooding for rice production usually cannot be maintained and alternate flood and drained conditions are created. Nitrification proceeds rapidly during drained conditions and nitrates thus produced are subsequently reduced to N2 and N20 through denitrification upon reflooding. Indirect N-budget estimates show that up to 50% of the applied N may be lost via nitrification-denitrification in irrigated porous soils under wetland rice.High soil nitrate N levels and sufficient downward movement of rain water to move nitrate N below the rooting depth are often encountered in soils of humid and subhumid zones, to a lesser extent in soils of semiarid zone and quite infrequently, if at all in arid zone soils. The few investigations carried out with irrigated porous soils do not show substantial leaching losses of N beyond potential rooting zone even under wetland rice. However, inefficient management of irrigation water and fertilizer N particularly with shallow rooted crops may lead to pollution of groundwater due to nitrate leaching. At a number of locations, groundwater beneath irrigated porous soils is showing increased nitrate N concentrations. Efficient management of N for any cropping system in irrigated porous soils can be achieved by plugging losses of N via different mechanisms leading to both high crop production and minimal pollution of the environment.

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Nitrate Removal from Floodwater Overlying Flooded Soils and Sediments

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

Water treatment by aquatic ecosystem: Nutrient removal by reservoirs and flooded fields

A Regional Guidebook for Applying the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to Assessing Wetland Functions of Prairie Potholes

Nitrogen losses and fertilizer N use efficiency in irrigated porous soils

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