Nitrate respiration in relation to facultative metabolism in enterobacteria

Partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) application in mainstream IFAS configuration using raw fermentate as carbon source

“…Although it can be influenced by several factors, there are three main mechanisms: (i) “Fast” carbon such as short‐fatty chain acids, acetate, glucose, and glycerol tend to donate electrons upstream of the electron chain, where it is readily transferred to nitrate reductase. The metabolic switch from partial denitrification to full denitrification has been shown to be determined by nitrate residual concentrations (Almeida et al, 1995; Stewart, 1988; Van rijn et al, 1996). (ii) Independent of the carbon type present, nitrate reductase's higher electron capacity compared with nitrite reductase creates a rate differential, which can be maintained by operation at higher nitrate concentrations and rates.…”

Advanced spectroscopic analysis and 15N-isotopic labelling study of nitrate and nitrite reduction to ammonia and nitrous oxide by E. coli

“…38 Other sources include NADH, lactate and glycerol. 37 1.7 of the 2.5 mmol NO 3reduced was coupled to FdhN activity as CO 2 increased by such in A. The remaining 0.8 mmol NO 3was likely coupled to NADH oxidation.…”

“…36 E. coli expresses three NO 3reductases: the respiratory NO 3reductases A and Z (NRA and NRZ) and the periplasmic NO 3reductase (Nap). [37][38][39] NRA is the most active reductase at high NO 3levels (> 2 mM). 40 Nap is induced by low NO 3levels, while NRZ is expressed at low levels constitutively and may function under stress-associated conditions.…”

Metagenomic analysis reveals the linkages between bacteria and the functional enzymes responsible for potential ammonia and biogenic amine production in alfalfa silage

“…Silage fermentation quality mainly depends on the competitive effect between LAB, spoilage micro‐organisms and metabolic activity. All members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter and Klebsiella , belong to facultative anaerobes and can grow well in oxygen‐absent environmental conditions when fermentable substrates are available (Stewart, 1988). Enterobacter species, which are capable of fermenting sugar and lactic acid to produce acetic acid under acidic conditions, are the most important competitors for LAB flora (Bevilacqua et al, 2010; Li, et al, 2020).…”