Nitrate salts doped with CuO nanoparticles for thermal energy storage with improved heat transfer

Myers, Philip D.; Alam, Tanvir E.; Kamal, Rajeev; Goswami, D. Yogi; Stefanakos, Elias K.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.045

Cited by 164 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nanoparticles have been used to enhance the thermo-physical properties of pure salt [15], and the nanocomposites fabricated by salt and nanoparticles were extensively investigated both in their thermo-physical properties [16][17][18] and system performances [19,20]. The most important result is that the addition of nanoparticles can increase the specific heat capacities of pure salts [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

et al. 2019

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HITEC salt (NaNO2-NaO3-KNO3) and solar salt (NaO3-KNO3) are typical molten salts used in concentrated solar power. Adding nanoparticles is an effective method to improve the thermo-physical properties of pure salt. It is indispensable to experimentally study the rheological behaviours of salt seeded with nanoparticles, which can increase the specific heat capacity of pure salt. In this work, the viscosities of HITEC salt were measured with different shear rates in the temperature range of 200 °C to 450 °C firstly, while those of solar salt were measured in the temperature range of 250 °C to 500 °C. The experimental data showed reasonable agreement with the literature correlations, which verify the Newtonian behaviours of pure salts. The evolutions of the viscosities of nanocomposites in the same temperature range were measured and analysed, where the nanocomposites were synthesized with 1 wt.% or 2 wt.% Al2O3 nanopowder and graphene, respectively. Results showed that the addition of Al2O3 nanopowder had relatively little effect on viscosity, and the variations were about −35.4%~8.1% for the HITEC salt nanocomposites and −9.2%~68.1% for the solar salt nanocomposites. While graphene would apparently increase the viscosities of HITEC salt and solar salt, HITEC salt with the addition of graphene showed slight non-Newtonian fluid behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

et al. 2019

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“…In particular, the silica‐alumina nanoparticles had a significant potential for enhancing the thermal storage characteristics of NaNO 3 ‐KNO 3 binary salt. Similar work was also done by Hu et al with nanoparticles of Al 2 O 3 into a binary nitrate salt, and Philip et al with nanoparticles of CuO into KNO 3 , NaNO 3 , and the mixture of them. Besides nanoparticle concentration, nanoparticle size is another factor that should be investigated for heat transfer enhancement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of molten salt doped with different size nanoparticles of Al ₂ O ₃

et al. 2019

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Summary This paper aims to study the effect on the characteristics of molten salt because of the dispersion of different size nanoparticles of Al2O3. The eutectic mixture of 54 wt% KNO3 and 46 wt% NaNO3 was selected as the base salt. Five different size nanoparticles of Al2O3, 80, 135, 200, 300, and 1000 nm, were dispersed into the base salt at a mass concentration of 1% to make the nanomaterials by a two‐step method, respectively. Thermal properties of the base salt and the samples with Al2O3 nanoparticles, including the melting point temperature, fusion heat, specific heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity, were measured with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Xenon Flash Apparatus (XFA). On the basis of the measured specific heat capacities and thermal diffusivities, their thermal conductivities in the solid state were calculated at discrete specified temperatures. The results showed that the dispersions of 200‐ and 135‐nm Al2O3 nanoparticles could enhance the average solid and liquid specific heat capacities by up to 17.2% and 19.7%, respectively. The research on thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity also verified that the influences of different size nanoparticles were different. Although no new strong intensity peaks or peak position variations were found in the diffraction patterns of the two samples with 80‐ and 1000‐nm nanoparticles of Al2O3, the larger deviations in the lower wavenumber region still meant possible crystalline structure variation because of the dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) images showed the inhomogeneity and the agglomeration of dispersed nanoparticles in the base salt, and the formation of a nanolayer around the nanoparticles could be a possible explanation to the thermal‐physical property variation.

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“…Meanwhile, it can create a tremendous amount of structural defects (such as oxygen vacancies and interstitial defects) by doping appropriate dopants into a transition‐metal oxide matrix, which is crucial for their practical applications . Of late, many elements including Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, N, Pb, and Ce can be doped into the CuO NSs, which improve the demands of performances in disparate application. However, various dopants still remain a formidable challenge to obtain doped CuO NSs with high quality of crystalline structures and prominent practical performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Doping Ce Ions on Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of CuO Nanostructures

Chen

Tan

et al. 2019

Crystal Research and Technology

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By one-step hydrothermal method, pure and Ce-doped CuO nanostructures (NSs) are successfully synthesized. In this work, C 4 H 6 CuO 4 ·H 2 O and Ce(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O are used as the precursor and the dopant. The results of X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrate that small portions of Ce ions are incorporated into the crystal lattice of CuO NSs and substitute Cu ions with the formation of a tiny impurity (Cu 2 O). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images display that the nanoellipsoid morphology of pure CuO transforms to an apparently rough surface with larger sizes of the morphology by doping with Ce element. Compared to pure CuO NSs, the UV-vis absorption of Ce-doped CuO NSs is remarkably enhanced, which exhibits a strong ability of light absorption both in the 200-380 nm and in the visible region (380-800 nm). The measured band-gaps of pure and Ce-doped CuO NSs with different amounts of Ce ions are 2.07 and 1.93, 2.03, 2.02 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic test shows that the photocatalytic activity of Ce-doped CuO NSs is eminently better than for pure CuO NSs, with the photodegradation of methylene blue solution rising up to 90.04%.

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Nitrate salts doped with CuO nanoparticles for thermal energy storage with improved heat transfer

Cited by 164 publications

References 33 publications

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

Characterization of molten salt doped with different size nanoparticles of Al ₂ O ₃

Effect of Doping Ce Ions on Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of CuO Nanostructures

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Nitrate salts doped with CuO nanoparticles for thermal energy storage with improved heat transfer

Cited by 164 publications

References 33 publications

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

Rheological Characteristics of Molten Salt Seeded with Al2O3 Nanopowder and Graphene for Concentrated Solar Power

Characterization of molten salt doped with different size nanoparticles of Al 2 O 3

Effect of Doping Ce Ions on Morphology and Photocatalytic Activity of CuO Nanostructures

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Characterization of molten salt doped with different size nanoparticles of Al ₂ O ₃