Nitration of o-xylene in the microreactor: Reaction kinetics and process intensification

Heterogeneous nitration of nitrobenzene in microreactors: Process optimization and modelling

“…On the basis of the results collected during the previous investigations, nitronium ion (NO 2 + ) is the real nitrating species (Guo et al, 2023;Li et al, 2022;Rahaman et al, 2010;Song et al, 2022a;Song et al, 2022b), hence a simplified reaction scheme for the nitration of nitrobenzene has been proposed as shown in Eqs. ( 9)-(10) (Rahaman et al, 2010).…”

“…Recently, microreactor technology has opened new horizons both in academia and industries, becoming a more sustainable and reliable alternative for safer nitration (Cui et al, 2022;Ducry and Roberge, 2005;Guo et al, 2023;Li et al, 2022;Song et al, 2022a;Song et al, 2022b). Microreactors possess internal channels with micron or submillimeter characteristic dimensions, based on which many advantages have emerged, ranging from excellent mass and heat transfer performance to easy scale-up and potential of full process automation.…”

Homogeneous continuous-flow nitration of O-methylisouronium sulfate and its optimization by kinetic modeling

“…[5][6][7][8] Guo et al constructed a continuous flow microsystem for oxylene nitrification and proved the process safety of o-xylene nitrification by the adiabatic temperature rise of the nitrification reaction and the characteristic heat transfer time of the microreactor. [9] The residence time of the microreactor was reduced by an order of magnitude and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient was increased by several orders of magnitude compared with that of a conventional stirred tank reactors.…”