Nitric acid-air diffusion coefficient: Experimental determination

Durham, J.L.; Stockburger, L.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(86)90098-3

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…hPa (Durham and Stockburger, 1986). For this work the diffusion constant has been corrected for temperature and pressure using the following relation (Massman, 1998):…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate dry deposition in Svalbard

Björkman

Kühnel

Partridge

et al. 2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T Arctic regions are generally nutrient limited, receiving an extensive part of their bio-available nitrogen from the deposition of atmospheric reactive nitrogen. Reactive nitrogen oxides, as nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and nitrate aerosols (p-NO 3 ), can either be washed out from the atmosphere by precipitation or dry deposited, dissolving to nitrate (NO À 3 ). During winter, NO À 3 is accumulated in the snowpack and released as a pulse during spring melt. Quantification of NO À 3 deposition is essential to assess impacts on Arctic terrestrial ecology and for ice core interpretations. However, the individual importance of wet and dry deposition is poorly quantified in the high Arctic regions where in-situ measurements are demanding. In this study, three different methods are employed to quantify NO and p-NO 3 using atmospheric concentrations and stability observations, resulting in a total combined nitrate dry deposition of Á10.7691.26 mg m (2 . The model indicates that deposition primarily occurs via HNO 3 with only a minor contribution by p-NO 3 . Modelled median deposition velocities largely explain this difference: 0.63 cm s (1 for HNO 3 while p-NO 3 was 0.0025 and 0.16 cm s (1 for particle sizes 0.7 and 7 mm, respectively.Overall, the three methods are within two standard errors agreement, attributing an average 14% (total range of 2Á44%) of the total nitrate deposition to dry deposition. Dry deposition events were identified in association with elevated atmospheric concentrations, corroborating recent studies that identified episodes of rapid pollution transport and deposition to the Arctic.

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“…hPa (Durham and Stockburger, 1986). For this work the diffusion constant has been corrected for temperature and pressure using the following relation (Massman, 1998):…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate dry deposition in Svalbard

Björkman

Kühnel

Partridge

et al. 2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…The HNO 3 diffusion coefficient in air was experimentally determined by several investigators ranging from 0.04 cm 2 s −1 to 0.121 cm 2 s −1 (STP) (Braman et al, 1982;Eatough et al, 1985;Durham and Stockburger, 1986;and Deandrade et al, 1992). In this study, we used the highest value (0.121 cm 2 s −1 ).…”

Section: Sampling Efficiency Of the Inlet Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time measurements of ammonia, acidic trace gases and water-soluble inorganic aerosol species at a rural site in the Amazon Basin

et al. 2004

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Abstract. We measured the mixing ratios of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), nitrous acid (HONO), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and the corresponding water-soluble inorganic aerosol species, ammonium (NH, chloride (Cl − ) and sulfate (SO 2− 4 ), and their diel and seasonal variations at a pasture site in the Amazon Basin (Rondônia, Brazil). This study was conducted within the framework of LBA-SMOCC (Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in AmazoniaSmoke Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate: Aerosols from Biomass Burning Perturb Global and Regional Climate). Sampling was performed from 12 September to 14 November 2002, extending from the dry season (extensive biomass burning activity), through the transition period to the wet season (background conditions). Measurements were made continuously using a wet-annular denuder (WAD) in combination with a Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC) followed by suitable on-line analysis. A detailed description and verification of the inlet system for simultaneous sampling of soluble gases and aerosol compounds is presented. Overall measurement uncertainties of the ambient mixing ratios usually remained below 15%. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined for each single data point measured during the field experiment. Median LOD values (3σ -definition) were ≤0.015 ppb for acidic trace gases and aerosol anions and ≤0.118 ppb for NH 3 and aerosol NH + 4 . Mixing ratios of acidic trace gases remained below 1 ppb throughout the measurement period, while NH 3 levels were an order of magnitude higher. Accordingly, mixing ratios of NH + 4 exceeded those of other inorganic aerosol contributors by a factor of 4 to 10. During the wet season, mixing ratios decreased by nearly a factor of 3 for all compounds comCorrespondence to: I. Trebs (ivonne@mpch-mainz.mpg.de) pared to those observed when intensive biomass burning took place. Additionally, N-containing gas and aerosol species featured pronounced diel variations. This is attributed to strong relative humidity and temperature variations between day and night as well as to changing photochemistry and stability conditions of the planetary boundary layer. HONO exhibited a characteristic diel cycle with high mixing ratios at nighttime and was not completely depleted by photolysis during daylight hours.

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“…The HNO 3 diffusion coefficient D has been taken as (Durham and Stockburger, 1986), which had been measured in air at atmospheric pressure, 298 K and 5-95% relative humidity. The "diffusion limitation" effect is stronger for higher values of the uptake coefficient.…”

Section: Retention Of H 13 No 3 On the Flow Reactor Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of humidity on nitric acid uptake to mineral dust aerosol particles

et al. 2006

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Abstract. This study presents the first laboratory observation of HNO 3 uptake by airborne mineral dust particles. The model aerosols were generated by dry dispersion of Arizona Test Dust (ATD), SiO 2 , and by nebulizing a saturated solution of calcium carbonate. The uptake of 13 N-labeled gaseous nitric acid was observed in a flow reactor on the 0.2-2 s reaction time scale at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The amount of nitric acid appearing in the aerosol phase at the end of the flow tube was found to be a linear function of the aerosol surface area. SiO 2 particles did not show any significant uptake, while the CaCO 3 aerosol was found to be more reactive than ATD. Due to the smaller uncertainty associated with the reactive surface area in the case of suspended particles as compared to bulk powder samples, we believe that we provide an improved estimate of the rate of uptake of HNO 3 to mineral dust. The fact that the rate of uptake was smaller at a concentration of 10 12 than at 10 11 was indicative of a complex uptake mechanism. The uptake coefficient averaged over the first 2s of reaction time at a concentration of 10 12 molecules cm −3 was found to increase with increasing relative humidity, from 0.022±0.007 at 12% RH to 0.113±0.017 at 73% RH , which was attributed to an increasing degree of solvation of the more basic minerals. The extended processing of the dust by higher concentrations of HNO 3 at 85% RH led to a water soluble coating on the particles and enhanced their hygroscopicity.

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Nitric acid-air diffusion coefficient: Experimental determination

Cited by 55 publications

References 13 publications

Nitrate dry deposition in Svalbard

Nitrate dry deposition in Svalbard

Real-time measurements of ammonia, acidic trace gases and water-soluble inorganic aerosol species at a rural site in the Amazon Basin

Effect of humidity on nitric acid uptake to mineral dust aerosol particles

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