Nitric oxide and HSV vaginal infection in BALB/c mice

Benencia, Fabián; Gamba, Gisela; Cavalieri, Hernan; Courrèges, Marı́a C.; Benedetti, Ruben; Villamil, S. M.; Massouh, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/s0042-6822(02)00057-0

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Between days À2 and þ1 each mouse was anesthetized as previously described and inoculated three times a day in the left nare with 30 ml (dispensed in three drops) of AG hemisulfate (Sigma Chemical Co.; St. Louise, MA) solution or PBS alone (control). We have previously reported that a daily dose of 4 mg AG/animal was capable of increasing HSV replication in other mouse model [Benencia et al, 2003]. Herewith, the daily amount of AG received by each animal ranged between 4 and 0.1 mg. A control group received 4 mg AG but remain uninfected.…”

Section: Aminoguanidine (Ag) Treatment Of Infected Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2A). We have previously shown that an in vivo daily dose of 4 mg AG/animal was capable of increasing HSV replication in other model of infection [Benencia et al, 2003]. In a complementary series of experiments to determine the effect of in vivo AG treatment on NO production by pulmonar leukocytes during HSV intranasal infection, 4 mg AG/animal were administered from days À2 to þ1 to infected animals.…”

Section: Ag Inhibits No Production In Vitro and Ex Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO is a free radical gaseous molecule that is a mediator of vital physiological functions including host defense [Ding et al, 1988;Stuehr and Nathan, 1989;Nathan, 1992;Karupiah et al, 1993]. Different investigators have reported antiviral activity of NO against several viruses such as vaccinia virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, HSV-1 and -2, and Japanese encephalitis virus among others Harris et al, 1995;Guillemard et al, 1996;Lowenstein et al, 1996;Pertile, 1996;Lin et al, 1997;Benencia et al, 2001Benencia et al, , 2003. The antiviral activity of NO, at least in vitro, involves a blockade at the stage of DNA replication but has no effect on early protein synthesis [MacMicking et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Gamba

Cavalieri

Courrèges

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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Here, we studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) production during the first steps of the respiratory infection of BALB/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), strain F. Nitric oxide synthase II (NOS-II) mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and dot blot, respectively in samples of lungs and turbinates early post-infection (p.i.). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed pulmonar macrophages and PMN expressing NOS-II in the lungs of infected animals. Animals intranasally treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a NOS inhibitor, during the first steps of infection, showed a dose-dependent increase in pneumonitis compared to controls. Viral titres in turbinates, lungs, and brains were higher in AG treated mice. Finally, histopathology studies revealed a stronger inflammation in eyes, and lungs of these animals. Taken together, these results suggest a role of NO in controlling primary HSV intranasal infection.

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Section: Aminoguanidine (Ag) Treatment Of Infected Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ag Inhibits No Production In Vitro and Ex Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Gamba

Cavalieri

Courrèges

et al. 2004

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…The expression of IFN-γ has also been associated with CCL5 production [30] found in the vagina following HSV-2 infection [4,33]. The role of CCL5 expression in recruiting leukocytes into the infected tissue has not been described.…”

Section: Chemokines and Hsv-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus and the Chemokines That Mediate the Inflammation

Carr

Tomanek

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are highly pervasive pathogens in the human host with a seroconversion rate upwards of 60% worldwide. HSV type 1 (HSV-1) is associated with the disease, herpetic stromal keratitis, the leading cause of infectious corneal blindness in the industrialized world. Individuals suffering from genital herpes associated with HSV type 2 (HSV-2) are found to be two to three fold more susceptible in acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The morbidity associated with these infections is principally due to the inflammatory response, the development of lesions, and scarring. Chemokines have become an important aspect in understanding the host immune response to microbial pathogens due in part to the timing of expression. In this paper, we will explore the current understanding of chemokine production as it relates to the orchestration of the immune response to HSV infection.

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“…This suggests that NOS activity may be involved in the early stages of the viral infection. It should be noted that in all previous reports, only the response of iNOS to HSV-1 was examined [13,14,16,17] . In view of the above, we were interested in examining both iNOS and constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity in different parts of the brain and in cultured glial cells during the early stages of HSV-1 infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 on Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Brain: The Role of Glucocorticoids

Hasson

Weidenfeld²,

Mizrachi-Kol³

et al. 2010

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a common cause of viral encephalitis manifested by activation of the adrenocortical axis, fever and behavioral changes. We investigated the early effects of HSV-1 on constitutive (c) and inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in rat brain and in mixed glial cell culture. The effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on NOS responses to HSV-1 was also determined. Methods: NOS activity was evaluated by the conversion of ³H-arginine to ³H-citrulline. Nitrites were measured in supernatants of activated glial cells. Results: Under basal conditions, the highest cNOS activity was found in the cerebellum, while activity was much lower in the pons and negligible in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. Forty-eight hours after intracerebral injection of HSV-1, serum corticosterone was increased and NOS activity in the cerebellum and pons was inhibited. Adrenalectomy had no effect on the basal NOS activity but completely abrogated the inhibitory effect of HSV-1. Administration of the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine did not significantly change NOS activity, suggesting that the activity found in the cerebellum and pons can be attributed to the cNOS isoform. In mixed glial cell culture infected with HSV-1 and then activated with lipopolysaccharide, NOS activity and nitrite production were inhibited by 77 and 53%, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that brain NOS activity is inhibited in the early stages of HSV-1 infection and requires the presence of circulating GCs. HSV-1-induced brain NOS inhibition may play a role in neuronal viral invasion and in the activation of the adrenocortical axis.

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Nitric oxide and HSV vaginal infection in BALB/c mice

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Early inhibition of nitric oxide production increases HSV‐1 intranasal infection

Herpes Simplex Virus and the Chemokines That Mediate the Inflammation

The Effect of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 on Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat Brain: The Role of Glucocorticoids

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