Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species are required for systemic acquired resistance in plants

El-Shetehy, Mohamed; Wang, Caixia; Shine, M.B.; Yu, Keshun; Kachroo, Aardra; Kachroo, Pradeep

doi:10.1080/15592324.2014.998544

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of these molecules can now be placed in one of two main branches that comprise the SAR pathway. One branch involves SA and its signaling component NPR1, and the other branch involves the free radicals NO and ROS, which function directly upstream of AzA, which in turn is upstream of G3P ( Wang et al, 2014a ; Wendehenne et al, 2014 ; El-Shetehy et al, 2015 ). Unlike G3P and AzA, exogenous application of Pip or DA induces SA accumulation in the absence of pathogen infection ( Chaturvedi et al, 2012 ; Návarová et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Sa Versus Other Sar Inducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the signals contributing to SAR are salicylic acid (SA) and several components of the SA pathway including the methylated derivative of SA (methyl SA,MeSA, Park et al, 2007 ). Additionally, the diterpenoid dehydroabietinal (DA, Chaturvedi et al, 2012 ), the nine carbon (C9) dicarboxylic acid azelaic acid (AzA, Jung et al, 2009 ), an amino acid derivative pipecolic acid (Pip; Návarová et al, 2012 ), auxin ( Truman et al, 2010 ), the phosphorylated sugar glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P, Chanda et al, 2011 ; Mandal et al, 2012 ; Yu et al, 2013 ), the free radicals nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; Wang et al, 2014a ; El-Shetehy et al, 2015 ), galactolipids ( Gao et al, 2014 ), factors contributing to cuticle formation ( Xia et al, 2009 , 2010 , 2012 ) and the lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) DIR1 (Defective in Induced Resistance, Maldonado et al, 2002 ) and AZI1 (AzA insensitive, Jung et al, 2009 ), have all been proposed to serve as SAR signals. Here, we review the role of SA in SAR and discuss its relationship to these various SAR signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a number of breakthroughs related to biosynthesis, transport, perception and signaling mediated by SA. These findings demonstrate that SA plays a crictical role in both local and systemic defense responses. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is one such SA-dependent response. SAR is a long distance signaling mechanism that provides broad spectrum and long-lasting resistance to secondary infections throughout the plant. This unique feature makes SAR a highly desirable trait in crop production. This review summarizes the recent advances in the role of SA in SAR and discusses its relationship to other SAR inducers.

show abstract

Section: Sa Versus Other Sar Inducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, G3Pdh expression was not induced with exogenous application of SA in athmad1 plants compared to WT ( Figure 8B ), indicating that AtHMAD1 may interact with SAR upstream of G3Pdh . Another reason for this might be that the NO and G3Pdh pathway is distinct from the SA pathway, as described by El-Shetehy et al (2015), who reported that exogenous SA is unable to restore SAR in ROS- or NO-deficient mutants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides broad spectrum disease resistance and protects other parts of the plant from secondary infections (El-Shetehy et al, 2015). Earlier reports have shown that NO and ROS are required for activation of SAR (Alvarez et al, 1998; Song and Goodman, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier reports have shown that NO and ROS are required for activation of SAR (Alvarez et al, 1998; Song and Goodman, 2001). The accumulated evidence suggests that a number of SAR signals act to confer resistance in distant tissues to subsequent infections (El-Shetehy et al, 2015). Azelaic acid (AzA) and Glycerol 3 phosphate (G3P) are important SAR signaling molecules (Yu et al, 1999, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nitric Oxide Responsive Heavy Metal-Associated Gene AtHMAD1 Contributes to Development and Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure of plants to different biotic and abiotic stress condition instigates significant change in the cellular redox status; resulting in the elevation of reactive nitrogen species that play signaling role in mediating defense responses. Heavy metal associated (HMA) domain containing genes are required for spatio-temporal transportation of metal ions that bind with various enzymes and co-factors within the cell. To uncover the underlying mechanisms mediated by AtHMA genes, we identified 14 Arabidopsis HMA genes that were differentially expressed in response to nitrosative stress through RNA-seq analysis. Of those 14 genes, the expression of eight HMA genes was significantly increased, whereas that of six genes was significantly reduced. We further validated the RNA-seq results through quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of these genes in biological processes such as hemostasis and transport. The majority of these nitric oxide (NO)-responsive AtHMA gene products are carrier/transport proteins. AtHMAD1 (At1g51090) showed the highest fold change to S-nitrosocystein. We therefore, further investigated its role in oxidative and nitrosative mediated stress conditions and found that AtHMAD1 has antagonistic role in shoot and root growth. Characterization of AtHMAD1 through functional genomics showed that the knock out mutant athmad1 plants were resistant to virulent Pseudomonas syringae (DC3000) and showed early induction and high transcript accumulation of pathogenesis related gene. Furthermore, inoculation of athamd1 with avirulent strain of the same bacteria showed negative regulation of R-gene mediated resistance. These results were supported by hypersensitive cell death response and cell death induced electrolyte leakage. AtHMAD1 was also observed to negatively regulate systemic acquired resistance SAR as the KO mutant showed induction of SAR marker genes. Overall, these results imply that NO-responsive AtHMA domain containing genes may play an important role in plant development and immunity.

show abstract

Nitric Oxide (NO) and Physio-biochemical Adaptation in Plants Against Stress

Maurya¹,

Rani

2017

Plant Adaptation Strategies in Changing Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species are required for systemic acquired resistance in plants

Cited by 44 publications

References 35 publications

Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance

Signal regulators of systemic acquired resistance

Nitric Oxide Responsive Heavy Metal-Associated Gene AtHMAD1 Contributes to Development and Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nitric Oxide (NO) and Physio-biochemical Adaptation in Plants Against Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About