Nitric Oxide in Dental Pulp Tissue: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Application in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures

An, Shengli

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0316

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…The NO present in saliva is part of a nonspecific defense mechanism against periodontopathogenic bacteria [13] and plays a stimulatory role [14]. However, the chemical mechanisms of NO are complex processes involving numerous possible reactions with direct and indirect effects depending on different concentrations [15]. Surprisingly, in the present study, low and variable levels of NO were found to be not correlated with mucositis and pain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Oral Mucositis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients on Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors

Parize

Leão²,

Souza³

et al. 2022

JAMMR

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Introduction: Mucositis has been a complication of great importance in antineoplastic treatments of head and neck tumors because when not treated properly it can lead to the interruption of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Knowing that mucositis is a common inflammatory condition in patients undergoing radiotherapy and that nitric oxide (NO) can be a marker of inflammation. Aim: to seek an association between mucositis, pain and NO levels in patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in different periods of radiotherapy. Methodology: Clinical examination was performed weekly to investigate presence of mucositis, in which the degree and intensity of pain were evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and mouthwash samples were collected from twenty patients. In the collected samples, the concentrations of NO were measured by using the Griess method. Results: of the twenty patients, two were excluded due to worsening of the clinical picture. Of the 18 patients who had their treatment finished, ten had some degree of mucositis and pain, with the highest levels being observed in the last week of treatment. As for the levels of NO, it was observed that low values varied widely among the patients and weeks studied. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between mucositis degrees and pain intensities, although the NO levels were correlated neither with mucositis nor with pain intensity throughout the experimental weeks. Conclusion: Although NO is an inflammatory mediator involved in diseases of the oral cavity, its presence cannot be associated with mucositis and pain in patients with head and neck cancer who are on radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Oral Mucositis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients on Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors

Parize

Leão²,

Souza³

et al. 2022

JAMMR

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“…Selected metabolic mediators inhibiting pulp inflammatory processes are presented in Table 2, together with their mechanisms of action. In addition, the interesting metabolite is nitric oxide, which not only regulates the physiological activities of the dental pulp cells but also can initiate and mediate the immune and inflammatory responses triggered by external stimuli [163]. It may play a crucial role in the interactions between inflammatory and regenerative processes in the dental pulp.…”

Section: The Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms Of the Potential Metabolic ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.

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“…Based on its critical role in DPSCs, the modulation of iNOS has been proposed as a valuable strategy to prevent the irreversible damage to the dental pulp tissue and to promote the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex [ 11 , 12 ]. However, only few studies have been published to date, which mainly investigated the effects of unselective, or toxic, iNOS inhibitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only few studies have been published to date, which mainly investigated the effects of unselective, or toxic, iNOS inhibitors. Moreover, inside the dental pulp tissue, endogenous NO is generated mainly by immunocompetent cells and dental pulp cells, and mediates not only inflammatory/immune activities, but also signaling cascades that regulate tissue repair and reconstruction, indicating its involvement in both tissue destruction and regeneration [ 11 ]. Basically, controlled, low levels of NO derived from the constitutive NOSs, mainly the eNOS, are essential under dental pulp physiological conditions, given the role played by NO in angiogenesis, tissue regeneration and perfusion [ 7 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibition of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Enhances the DPSC Mineralization under LPS-Induced Inflammation

Cataldi

Amoroso²,

Giacomo³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a key messenger in physiological and pathological processes in mammals. An excessive NO production is associated with pathological conditions underlying the inflammation response as a trigger. Among others, dental pulp inflammation results from the invasion of dentin by pathogenic bacteria. Vital functions of pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells), such as mineralization, might be affected by the inducible NOS (iNOS) upregulation. In this context, the iNOS selective inhibition can be considered an innovative therapeutic strategy to counteract inflammation and to promote the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex. The present work aims at evaluating two acetamidines structurally related to the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W, namely CM544 and FAB1020, in a model of LPS-stimulated primary DPSCs. Our data reveal that CM544 and even more FAB1020 are promising anti-inflammatory compounds, decreasing IL-6 secretion by enhancing CD73 expression-levels, a protein involved in innate immunity processes and thus confirming an immunomodulatory role of DPSCs. In parallel, cell mineralization potential is retained in the presence of compounds as well as VEGF secretion, and thus their angiogenetic potential. Data presented lay the ground for further investigation on the anti-inflammatory potential of acetamidines selectively targeting iNOS in a clinical context.

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Nitric Oxide in Dental Pulp Tissue: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Application in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures

Cited by 7 publications

References 199 publications

Oral Mucositis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients on Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors

Oral Mucositis and Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Patients on Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Tumors

The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review

The Inhibition of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Enhances the DPSC Mineralization under LPS-Induced Inflammation

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