Nitric Oxide Increases Leukocyte Granule Release During Simulated Extracorporeal Circulation1

Abstract

Nitric oxide increased release of leukocyte granule derived proteins; MPO and HNL at an early stage of simulated extracorporeal circulation. At the same time, nitric oxide did not affect the whole blood and leukocyte capacity to produce oxygen free radicals.

Nitric Oxide and Inflammatory Response in Simulated Extracorporeal Circulation

“…We have previously observed that addition of NO during three hours long SECC did not affect leukocyte granule release, but in a later experiment with 23 h SECC, we found increased secretion of MPO and HNL [4,14]. Increased release of leukocyte-derived proteins, MPO, LF and HNL with the addition of 80 ppm of NO to the circuit in this study confirms the findings from our earlier experiment when 40 ppm of NO was added.…”

“…Blood samples (4 ml) for oxygen free radical measurements in whole blood and isolated granulocytes were taken into tubes with 15 IU sodium heparin. Granulocyte isolation was performed according to previously described methods [4,7]. The total amount of samples taken from the circuit amounted to 20 ml at each time point.…”

“…Two different chemiluminescent probes, lucigenin and luminol, were applied. Whole blood CL assay and isolated granulocyte CL assay were performed according to methods described previously [4]. Curve peak was registered for luminol and the value after 10 minutes for lucigenin.…”

“…However, NO is also described as detrimental since it causes tissue injury after forming peroxynitrate in a reaction with superoxide anion [2,3]. NO has also been suggested to increase leukocyte granule release during simulated extracorporeal circulation (SECC), and iNOS activation in inflammatory cells causes a cytotoxic reaction against bacteria, parasites and tumor cells [4,5].…”

The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane inhibits activation of neutrophil granulocytes during simulated extracorporeal circulation

“…This is consistent with findings from another working group [21], who also did not report ECC-induced changes of cell counts except for changes associated with hemodilution. In contrast, other authors reported significant decreases in white blood cell and platelet counts [13] during ex vivo ECC [16][17][18]22]. These changes were interpreted as being caused by white blood cell and platelet adhesion to the surfaces of the ECC circuit.…”