Nitric oxide levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms in Turkish women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage (IRM) in the Turkish population and to evaluate the association between Nitric Oxide (NO) levels and eNOS gene polymorphisms in women with IRM. Material and Methods:A total of 120 Turkish women were enrolled in this study in four groups. Of these, 30 women were first trimester pregnant who had IRM (Group I). Thirty healthy multipara women were in the first trimester of pregnancy with no history of abortion (Group II). Thirty women were non pregnant with a history of IRM (Group III). The remaining 30 subjects were healthy multipara nonpregnant women with no history of abortion (Group IV). DNA analysis of four groups were performed for the two polymorphisms using the PCR and/or PCR-RFLPs method and NO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Results:We observed statistically significant decreased NO levels in the pregnant patient group (p=0.001) while elevated NO levels were measured in the non pregnant patient group (p=0.004). We demonstrated that,while there was no significant difference in terms of VNTR 4/eNOS genotype, there was a marginally significant difference in terms of Glu298Asp/eNOS genotype frequency (p=0.055) in patients with IRM in the Turkish population. We observed no association between NO levels and Glu298Asp/eNOS or VNTR 4/eNOS genotypes in any of the groups. Conclusion:The Glu298Asp polymorphism of eNOS could be an intriguing susceptibility factor that modulates an individual's risk of IRM in Turkish population. Further studies to explain the role of the NO pathway in the pathophysiology of IRM are needed. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2011; 12: 234-8)

Maternal candidate gene variants, epigenetic factors, and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review

“…Studies reported that VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) ‐related genes might be associated with pregnancy loss as lower VEGF expression in early pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortions 76–78 . However, no association between −2578C/A, −634G/C, and 936C/T polymorphisms in VEGF , 79,80 rs2070744, and rs61722009 variants in NOS gene 81 have been reported. The TP53 (another gene related to angiogenesis and fetal development), also known as tumor suppressor gene, plays a key role in regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage 82,83 .…”

“…75,76 Studies reported that VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) -related genes might be associated with pregnancy loss as lower VEGF expression in early pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortions. [76][77][78] However, no association between −2578C/A, −634G/C, and 936C/T polymorphisms in VEGF, 79,80…”

Gene polymorphism associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4VNTR, G894T, C786T) and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion risk

“…But the results are inconsistent. [9,10] This may be due to racial and regional differences as well as the fact that the sample size is too small to objectively reflect the relevance between eNOS gene polymorphism and URSA. In order to compare different research results more scientifically and objectively.…”