Nitric oxide production, inhibitory, antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of the fruits extract and flavonoid content of Schinus terebinthifolius

Abstract

Apigenin Inflammation Mycobacterium Nitric oxide Schinus terebinthifolius A B S T R A C TThe extract of the fruits from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae, was obtained by exhaustive extraction with methanol. Its fractions and isolated compounds were collected by fractionation with RP-2 column chromatography. The crude extract, the flavonoid fraction and the isolated compound identified as apigenin (1), were investigated regarding its inhibitory action of nitric oxide production by LPS-stimulated macrophages, antioxidant activity by DPPH and the antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The samples exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide production (e.g., 1, IC 50 19.23 ± 1.64 μg/ml) and also showed antioxidant activity. In addition, S. terebinthifolius samples inhibited the mycobacterial growth (e.g., 1, IC 50 14.53 ± 1.25 μg/ml). The necessary concentration to produce 50% of the maximum response (IC 50 ) of these activities did not elicit a significant cytotoxic effect when compared with the positive control (100% of lysis). The antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibition activity displayed by S. terebinthifolius corroborates its ethnopharmacological use of this specie as an anti-inflammatory. In addition, our results suggest that the flavonoids of S. terebinthifolius are responsible for the activities found. We, describe for the first time the activity against Mycobacterium bovis BCG and the inhibition of nitric oxide production for S. terebinthifolius.

Assessment of Phenolic Compounds and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethyl Acetate Phase of Anacardium occidentale L. Bark

“…Studies involving Schinus terebinthifolius have associated the presence of catechin and gallic acid with its popular use as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [59,60,61]. Bernardes et al [62], using S. terebinthifolius extract, showed a reduction in the inflammatory process exacerbated in their studies and found antimycobacterial activity attributed to the flavonoids identified in this extract. Studies of the Myracrodruon urundeuva , also known in ethnopharmacology for its anti-inflammatory action, confirmed the presence of tannins and flavonoids in various parts of the plant [63,64].…”

Evaluation of the Anti-Mycobacterial, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Rubia Cordifolia Ethanolic Leaf Extract Sub-Fractions in Human Lymphocytes and Neutrophils

“…The most vital of the mediators are reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Excess production of these oxidants leads to harmful inflammatory reactions in the lungs (caseous necrosis) and antioxidant material that scavenges and eliminate ROS may be important in preventing or minimizing oxidative-182 related damage in clinical conditions like tuberculosis (Constantino et al, 1992;Reljic et al, 2010;Bernardes et al, 2014 andEllof, 2015).…”

Phenolic Compounds Present Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Influence the Lowering of Blood Pressure in Rats

“…Ethanolic extract from different parts of Aroeira obtained by maceration showed the following approximate antioxidant activities: fruits—60%, stem—90%, peels—70%, and leaves—30% [ 21 ]. The methanolic extract from Aroeira fruits showed antioxidant activity of 95.6% by the DPPH method in the work of Bernardes et al (2014) [ 27 ]. El-Massry et al (2009) evaluated the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract, dichloromethane extract and essential oil from Aroeira leaves and observed that the ethanolic extract presented the highest antioxidant activity, with free radical sequestration above 80% [ 25 ].…”