Nitric Oxide Signalling In Plants

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that acts in many tissues to regulate a diverse range of physiological processes. It is becoming apparent that NO is a ubiquitous signal in plants. Since the discovery of NO emission by plants in the 1970s, this gaseous compound has emerged as a major signalling molecule involved in multiple physiological functions. Research on NO in plants has gained significant awareness in recent years and there is increasing indication on the role of this molecule as a key-signalling molecule in plants. The investigations about NO in plants have been concentrated on three main fields: The search of NO or any source of NO generation, effects of exogenous NO treatments, NO transduction pathways. However we have limited information about signal transduction procedures by which NO interaction with cells results in altered cellular activities. This article reviews recent advances in NO synthesis and its signalling functions in plants. First, different sources and biosynthesis of NO in plants, then biological processes involving NO signalling are reviewed. NO signalling relation with cGMP, protein kinases and programmed cell death are also discussed. Besides, NO signalling in plant defense response is also examined. Especially NO signalling between animal and plant systems is compared. AbbreviationsABA abscisic acid cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate GA gibberellic acid HR hypersensitive response MAPK mitogen activated kinase NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase NR nitrite reductase ROS radical oxygen species SAR systemic acquired resistance

Study of interaction effect between triacontanol and nitric oxide on alleviating of oxidative stress arsenic toxicity in coriander seedlings

“…Recently, an increasing number of articles have reported the effects of exogenous NO on alleviating HM toxicity in various plants (Jin et al 2010;Xiong et al 2010;Panda et al 2011). Evidence has been obtained for the relation of NO and plant growth regulators (Palavan-Unsal & Arisan 2009;Yadav et al 2011;Shen et al 2013). However, there are not any studies that have identified the effects of TRIA and NO on stress-induced changes in the antioxidative defense system in plants under HM stresses.…”

Paclitaxel production and PAL activity in hairy root cultures of Taxus x media var. Hicksii carrying a taxadiene synthase transgene elicited with nitric oxide and methyl jasmonate

“…Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical, is involved in numerous physiological processes in plants, including plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress (Wojtaszek 2000;Lamotte et al 2005;Palavan-Unsal and Arisan 2009;Misra et al 2010;Scheler et al 2013;Trapet et al 2014). Indications that NO is involved in signaling defense responses during plant-pathogen interactions are well documented (Sudha and Ravishankar 2002;Arasimowicz and Floryszak-Wieczorek 2007;Zhang et al 2012;Scheler et al 2013;Yu et al 2014;Trapet et al 2014).…”

Differential Regulation by Heat Stress of Novel Cytochrome P450 Genes from the Dinoflagellate Symbionts of Reef-Building Corals

“…In plants, the cytochrome P450 enzymes play a major role in one of the nitric oxide (NO) biosynthetic pathways, catalyzing the oxidation of N-hydroxyguanidines and the formation of nitrogen oxides, including NO (39). NO signaling has been found to be involved in the induction of cell death and in interactions with ROS (44), and several studies have reported links between NO synthesis and the breakdown of a cnidarian-alga symbiosis (8,45,67). Also, ROS generated during thermal stress in symbiotic dinoflagellates (16,41) has been related to coral bleaching (38,50,73).…”