Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase staining are co-localised in neurons closely associated with the vasculature in rat and human retina

Roufail, Edward; Stringer, M; Rees, Sandra

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00394-6

Cited by 75 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…24,25 There is evidence that ocular blood vessels are innervated by NO-producing neurons. 26,27 In acute phase, sildenafil may alter some Doppler parameters of ocular hemodynamics due to the vasodilator effect as reported in our previous study. 21 Chronic use of sildenafil seems to have no effect on the ocular hemodynamics reflecting the temporary vasodilator effect not altering the orbital vasculature in chronic phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effect of sildenafil on ocular hemodynamics in 3 months regular use

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Effect of sildenafil on ocular hemodynamics in 3 months regular use

et al. 2005

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“…The net effect of NO on vasomotor responses is most likely complex and may depend on the precise site of its synthesis, which would determine which cells it acts on. In the proximal retina, nNOS is expressed in processes of amacrine cells lying close to capillaries and larger vessels (Roufail et al, 1995). In addition, Müller cells and astrocytes both express eNOS (Haverkamp et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial Cells Dilate and Constrict Blood Vessels: A Mechanism of Neurovascular Coupling

Metea¹,

Newman²

2006

J. Neurosci.

558

584

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Neuronal activity evokes localized changes in blood flow. Although this response, termed neurovascular coupling, is widely used to monitor human brain function and diagnose pathology, the cellular mechanisms that mediate the response remain unclear. We investigated the contribution of glial cells to neurovascular coupling in the acutely isolated mammalian retina. We found that light stimulation and glial cell stimulation can both evoke dilation or constriction of arterioles. Light-evoked and glial-evoked vasodilations were blocked by inhibitors of cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, the synthetic enzyme for epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Vasoconstrictions, in contrast, were blocked by an inhibitor of -hydroxylase, which synthesizes 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Nitric oxide influenced whether vasodilations or vasoconstrictions were produced in response to light and glial stimulation. Light-evoked vasoactivity was blocked when neuron-to-glia signaling was interrupted by a purinergic antagonist. These results indicate that glial cells contribute to neurovascular coupling and suggest that regulation of blood flow may involve both vasodilating and vasoconstricting components.

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“…However, colocalisation with NOS immunoreactivity was only observed among amacrine cells, but not all NADPH-diaphorase-reactive amacrine cells were found to be NOS immunoreactive (Perez et al, 1995). In studies performed in human and rat retinal flat mounts (Mitrofanis 1989, Mitrofanis andProvis, 1990), NADPH-diaphorase staining and nNOS immunoreactivity were absolutely colocalized (100%) in amacrine cells located in the INL and in photoreceptor outer segments (Roufail et al, 1995).…”

Section: Retinal Physiologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Similarly in rat, nNOS-LI was confined to well labelled amacrine cells and rod bipolar and B-type horizontal cell axon terminals at rod ribbon synapses (Haverkamp and Eldred, 1998). NADPH-diaphorase staining was also compared to the distribution of nNOS immunoreactivity (Perez et al, 1995, Roufail et al, 1995 to ensure equivalence between the two markers.…”

Section: Retinal Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel signals mediating the functions of somatostatin: The emerging role of NO/cGMP

Thermos

2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The neuropeptide somatostatin is a cyclic tetradecapeptide, which is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous system. It mediates a plethora of physiological actions and functions as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator or trophic factor. Somatostatin activates six receptor subtypes that are expressed differentially in different tissues and are coupled to diverse signalling pathways. In order to elucidate the functional role of the individual receptor subtypes, many investigations focused on the assignment of each receptor to a particular signalling pathway.Signalling pathways involving enzyme (adenylate cyclase, phospholipases, phosphatases) and ion channel systems in native and recombinant receptor systems have been extensively studied. A one to one situation (receptor/pathway) has yet to be established, thus justifying the diverse actions of somatostatin. Recently, a NO/cGMP pathway has been shown to mediate the functions of somatostatin and its receptors. This review will present the findings that support the emerging role of NO/cGMP as a novel signal in SRIF's actions in retinal physiology and somatotroph release.

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Nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH diaphorase staining are co-localised in neurons closely associated with the vasculature in rat and human retina

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of sildenafil on ocular hemodynamics in 3 months regular use

Effect of sildenafil on ocular hemodynamics in 3 months regular use

Glial Cells Dilate and Constrict Blood Vessels: A Mechanism of Neurovascular Coupling

Novel signals mediating the functions of somatostatin: The emerging role of NO/cGMP

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