Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rabbit Uterus and Vagina: Hormonal Regulation and Functional Significance1

Al-Hijji, Jassim; Larsson, Bengt; Batra, Satish

doi:10.1095/biolreprod62.5.1387

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar observations were reported in rabbit vagina tissue extracts. 27 Further, we found that inducible NOS activity (calciumNitric oxide synthase and arginase in the vagina AM Traish et al independent) in the vagina of ovariectomized animals comprised less than 10% of the total activity, in agreement with previous reports. 41 To this end, we did not pursue measurements of iNOS activity in this study.…”

Section: Determination Of Total (Neural and Endothelial) Nos Activitysupporting

confidence: 93%

“…23,[26][27][28][29][30]41,[44][45][46] Recent in vitro organ bath studies 44 have shown that EFS elicited NANC relaxation responses in the rabbit clitoral corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and these responses are inhibited with L-NAME and ODQ, suggesting a role for NO/cGMP pathway in clitoral physiology. Studies with rabbit vaginal strips in organ bath studies 47 have suggested that the NANC neurotransmitter does not involve NO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We demonstrated that the NO/cGMPathway modulates pelvic nervemediated blood flow in the vagina. Furthermore, the activity of NOS has been shown to be modulated by estrogens [26][27][28][29][30] and androgens. [31][32][33][34] NOS activity may also be regulated by limiting the availability of the substrate L-arginine by the enzyme arginase, which metabolizes L-arginine to urea and orni-thine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina

Traish

Kim

et al. 2003

Int J Impot Res

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Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase have been shown to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production reciprocally in genital tissues. In animal models, NO is an important regulator of vaginal blood flow and vaginal wall contractility. In this study, we investigated the modulation of NOS and arginase activities by estrogens and androgens in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina. In intact control animals, total NOS activity was higher in the proximal (528 7 78 pmol/mg protein) than the distal (391 7 44 pmol/mg protein) vagina. However, arginase activity was higher in the distal (206 7 8 nmol/mg protein) than the proximal (64 7 5 nmol/mg protein) vagina. Ovariectomy enhanced NOS activity in the proximal but not distal vagina with concomitant decrease in arginase activity in both the proximal and distal vagina. In ovariectomized rabbits, replacement with 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or D5-androstenediol (Adiol) increased NOS activity beyond that observed in ovariectomized rabbits receiving vehicle. In contrast, DHT and Adiol treatment reduced arginase activity more than that of the ovariectomized rabbits receiving vehicle. Testosterone exhibited inconsistent effects on NOS and arginase activity in the distal and proximal vagina. Estradiol replacement in ovariectomized animals reduced NOS activity in the proximal vagina down to levels that were comparable to intact control animals. However, estradiol positively modulated arginase activity in the distal vagina. Western blot analyses indicated that in the proximal vagina, neural NOS protein levels paralleled the changes observed in enzyme activity. These observations suggest that steroid hormones differentially regulate NOS and arginase activities of the proximal and distal regions of the vagina. Although estrogen treatment reduced total NOS activity in proximal vagina, estrogens are known to enhance vaginal blood flow. This paradoxical observation may be explained by differential regulation of n-NOS and e-NOS in the proximal and distal vagina. We suggest that changes in vaginal blood flow and compliance may depend on the endocrine status and the levels of circulating androgens and estrogens.

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Section: Determination Of Total (Neural and Endothelial) Nos Activitysupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina

Traish

Kim

et al. 2003

Int J Impot Res

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“…These results suggest that NO is locally produced in the bovine endometrium. The present observations are in agreement with the previous studies showing that NOS isoforms are present in the gene and/or protein level in the endometrium of other species such as rat [24], mouse [25], rabbit [26] and ewe [27]. In particular, NO seems to play a crucial role in increasing blood flow in the ovine endometrium in the third trimester of pregnancy thus meeting the high metabolic demands of the growing fetus [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. on Production of Prostaglandin F2.ALPHA. and E2 in Bovine Endometrial Cells

Wocławek-Potocka

Deptula

Bah

et al. 2004

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) mediates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α influence on the bovine endometrium. TNFα influence on the bovine endometrium is limited to the stromal cells. Therefore, it was interesting to find out whether NO production by the stromal cells, stimulated by TNFα might influence the endometrial epithelium. Moreover, we investigated the intracellular mechanisms of TNFα-and NO-regulated prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 synthesis. Epithelial and stromal cells from the bovine endometrium (Days 2-5 of the oestrous cycle) were separated by means of enzymatic dispersion and cultured for 6-7 days in 48-well plates. The confluent endometrial cells were exposed to a NO donor (S-NAP; 1-1000 µM) for 24 h. S-NAP strongly stimulated PGE2 production in both bovine endometrial cell types (P<0.001). The effect of SNAP on PGF2α production was limited only to the stromal cells (P<0.05). To study the intracellular mechanisms of TNFα and NO action, stromal cells were incubated for 24 h with TNFα or S-NAP and with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME; 10 µM) or an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (IBMX; 10 µM). When the cells were exposed to TNFα in combination with NOS inhibitor (L-NAME), TNFα-stimulated PGs production was reduced (P<0.05). The inhibition of enzymatic degradation of cGMP by IBMX augmented the actions of S-NAP and TNFα on PGs production (P<0.05). The overall results suggest that TNFα augments PGs production by bovine endometrial stromal cells partially via induction of NOS with subsequent stimulation of NO-cGMP formation. NO also stimulates PGE2 production in epithelial cells.

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“…While NO contributes to the development of corpus luteum by increasing the flow of blood with its vein enlarging effect, it also controls the PGE 2 level. Hurwitz et al (15) reported a decrease in the level of NO, PGE 2 and progesterone, after the inhibition of NO synthesis (NOS) enzymes. It has been indicated that NO, which plays a role in the optimal formation of corpus luteum in the early and middle periods of luteal phase, participates in the regulation of functional luteolysis at the end of the luteal phase (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood nitric oxide and ovarian steroids levels during the cycle stages in Brown Swiss cows

ÇELİK¹

2008

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary:The purpose of this study was to examine the fluctuations of the nitric oxide (NO) levels during the estrus cycle stages of cows and the association of these variations with ovarian steroids. In this study eighteen Brown Swiss cows were used. The ovarian activities of the cows were determined by rectal and ultrasound examinations. The estruses of the cows were synchronized by double dose prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) administered with 11-day intervals. The blood samples of the cows in the cycle stages were taken, and NO, estradiol and progesterone values were measured. Highest estradiol concentration was determined during estrus stage (p<0.05). Progesterone was the lowest in estrus, whereas it was the highest in midcycle stage (p<0.05). The highest NO value was measured during the estrus (p<0.05) and the lowest NO value in the metestrus (p<0.05). In conclusion, the variations was observed in the NO level in different cycle periods in Brown Swiss cows, and the NO was found to be in highest concentration in proestrus and estrus periods like 17β-estradiol Keywords: Cow, estradiol, estrus cycle, nitric oxide, progesterone İsviçre Esmeri ineklerin siklus dönemlerinde kan nitrik oksit ve ovaryum steroid düzeyleriÖzet: Çalışmada İsviçre Esmeri ineklerde östrüs siklusunun dönemlerinde kan nitrik oksit ve ovaryum steroidlerinin düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 18 İsviçre Esmeri inek kullanıldı. Rektal ve ultrason muayeneleri ile ineklerin ovaryum aktiviteleri belirlendi. Hayvanların östrüsleri 11 gün ara ile çift doz PGF2α uygulanarak senkronize edildi. Siklusun dönemlerinde kan örnekleri alınarak nitrik oksit (NO), östradiol ve progesteron analizleri gerçekleştirildi. En yüksek östradiol düzeyi östrüs döneminde belirlendi (p<0.05). Progesteron düzeyi östrüs döneminde en düşük; erken, orta ve geç diöstrus dönemlerinde ise en yüksek ölçüldü (p<0.05). Nitrik oksit en yüksek östrüs döneminde, en düşük ise metöstrüs döneminde belirlendi. Sonuç olarak İsviçre Esmeri ineklerde kan NO düzeyinin siklusun dönemlerinde değiştiği ve 17β-östradiolün en yüksek düzeyde bulunduğu proöstrus ve östrus dönemlerinde NO'nun da yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rabbit Uterus and Vagina: Hormonal Regulation and Functional Significance1

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina

Sex steroid hormones differentially regulate nitric oxide synthase and arginase activities in the proximal and distal rabbit vagina

Effects of Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor-.ALPHA. on Production of Prostaglandin F2.ALPHA. and E2 in Bovine Endometrial Cells

Blood nitric oxide and ovarian steroids levels during the cycle stages in Brown Swiss cows

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