Nitride precipitation and coarsening in Fe–2.23at.% V alloys: XRD and (HR)TEM study of coherent and incoherent diffraction effects caused by misfitting nitride precipitates in a ferrite matrix

Diaz, N. E. Vives; Hosmani, Santosh S.; Schacherl, R. E.; Mittemeijer, E. J.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.041

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This is due to the presence of tiny nitride precipitates, which diffract coherently with the ferrite matrix (see Ref. [24]). TEM and STEM-EDX analyses have shown that these precipitates are mixed Cr 1-x Al x N nitrides [13].…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Clauss

Bischoff

Schacherl

et al. 2009

Philosophical Magazine

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Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Clauss

Bischoff

Schacherl

et al. 2009

Philosophical Magazine

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“…Der kohlenstoffverarmte nitriert-entkohlte Bereich I, der nitrierte Bereich II (der eine große Streuung des C-Gehalts zeigt) und der unnitrierte Kern (Bereich III; enthält kein N) sind unterscheidbar C. W. Kang et al: Microstructural evolution of 31CrMoV9 steel upon controlled gaseous nitriding treatment or below the surface iron-nitride layer (nitriding potential larger than 0.2 atm -1/2 ) is subjected to a state of planar compressive residual stress. It is well known that the inward diffusion of nitrogen and the subsequent precipitation of alloying element nitride particles induce a state of compressive residual surface stress, as a consequence of the tendency of the nitrided surface region to expand laterally by nitride precipitation (and nitrogen dissolution) [17,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Surface Residual Stress Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolution of 31CrMoV9 Steel upon Controlled Gaseous Nitriding Treatment

Kang

Meka

Steiner

et al. 2016

HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials

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Abstract/KurzfassungThe evolution of the microstructure and the surface residual stress upon controlled gaseous nitriding of quenched and tempered 31CrMoV9 steel was investigated by varying the nitriding potential and the nitriding time at the nitriding temperature of 550 °C. A graded microstructure developed as a function of depth: a surface adjacent decarburized-nitrided zone, in which all tempering induced carbides had transformed to nitrides, under loss of the released carbon through the surface, is followed by a nitrided zone in which the carbon released from the carbide-to-nitride transformation had diffused to grain boundaries and precipitated there as (new) carbides. The extent of decarburization showed a strong dependence on whether or not an outer iron-nitride compound layer was present, as well as on the type of iron nitride present at the specimen surface. The surface residual stresses varied as a function of nitriding time and nitriding potential which has been discussed in terms of the rates of the carbide-to-nitride transformation, the decarburization and/or the carbide precipitation along the grain boundaries. n

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed changes in plasma nitriding processes are attributed to several concomitant causes such as increasing the surface roughness, stress, and creation of lattice defects, altogether improving nitrogen diffusion [8,9]. Moreover, in the nitriding process, precipitation kinetics lead to possibly complex stress profiles even considering smoothly decreasing nitrogen profiles influencing nitrogen diffusion [10].In this work we expand the study reported by Ochoa et al [8,9] by considering the state of the bombarded surface and the microstrain induced by Xe + bombardment in stainless and alloyed steels (AISI 316L and AISI 4140) and their influence on the nitrided layer obtained in a long time pulsed plasma nitriding process (20 hours). We remark that in standard pulsed plasma nitriding processes, Ar + ion bombardment is used in order to clean the material surface by eroding the residual oxide layer hindering nitrogen diffusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bombarding steel with Xe+ ions on the surface nanostructure and on pulsed plasma nitriding process

Cucatti

Ochoa

Morales

et al. 2015

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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The modification of steel (AISI 316L and AISI 4140) surface morphology and underlying inter-crystalline grains strain due to Xe + ion bombardment are reported to affect nitrogen diffusion after a pulsed plasma nitriding process. The ion bombardment induces regular nanometric patterns and increases the roughness of the material surface. The strain induced by the noble gas bombardment is observed in depths which are orders of magnitude larger than the projectiles' stopping distance. The pre-bombarded samples show peculiar microstructures formed in the nitrided layers, modifying the in-depth hardness profile. Unlike the double nitrided layer normally obtained in austenitic stainless steel by pulsed plasma nitriding process, the Xe + pre-bombardment treatment leads to a single thick compact layer. In nitrided pre-bombarded AISI 4140 steel, the diffusion zone shows long iron nitride needleshaped precipitates, while in non-pre-bombarded samples finer precipitates are distributed in the material. Keywords: Surface modification, ion-beam bombardment, plasma nitriding, microstrain S. Cucatti et al., Materials Chemistry and Physics, Volumes 149-150, (2015), pp. 261-269 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.10.015 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.10.015 2 IntroductionSurface texturing is an important method applied in various technological areas of research. Much of the current interest in surface modifications stems from the possibility of obtaining special optical, tribological, and mechanical properties in a variety of materials [1,2]. In particular, texturing steels surface by ionic bombardment (atomic attrition) is an interesting route to modify plasma nitriding processes. The efficiency of the process and the final material properties are influenced by modifications of the surface and bulk material such as roughness, defects, and stress created by ion impact. Moreover, a combination of low energy argon ion bombardment and substrate temperature modified diffusion phenomena in semiconductors [3]. Other surface modifications such as mechanical attrition ("shot-penning") generate stress, plastic deformation, defects and roughness. All these changes contribute to modify the kinetic of the surface reactions, shortening the duration of nitriding processes [4,5,6]. Results reported by Abrasonis et al. suggest that the effect of bombarding the material with Ar + ions after nitriding processes also has important consequences on nitrogen diffusion in austenitic stainless steel [7]. The observed changes in plasma nitriding processes are attributed to several concomitant causes such as increasing the surface roughness, stress, and creation of lattice defects, altogether improving nitrogen diffusion [8,9]. Moreover, in the nitriding process, precipitation kinetics lead to possibly complex stress profiles even considering smoothly decreasing nitrogen profiles influencing nitrogen diffusion [10].In this work we expand the study reported by Ochoa et al. [8,9] by considering the state of the bombard...

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Nitride precipitation and coarsening in Fe–2.23at.% V alloys: XRD and (HR)TEM study of coherent and incoherent diffraction effects caused by misfitting nitride precipitates in a ferrite matrix

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Microstructural Evolution of 31CrMoV9 Steel upon Controlled Gaseous Nitriding Treatment

Effect of bombarding steel with Xe+ ions on the surface nanostructure and on pulsed plasma nitriding process

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Nitride precipitation and coarsening in Fe–2.23at.% V alloys: XRD and (HR)TEM study of coherent and incoherent diffraction effects caused by misfitting nitride precipitates in a ferrite matrix

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Phase transformation of mixed Cr1−xAlxN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Phase transformation of mixed Cr1−xAlxN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Microstructural Evolution of 31CrMoV9 Steel upon Controlled Gaseous Nitriding Treatment

Effect of bombarding steel with Xe+ ions on the surface nanostructure and on pulsed plasma nitriding process

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Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite

Phase transformation of mixed Cr₁₋_xAl_xN nitride precipitates in ferrite