Nitrification and ammonia volatilisation losses from urea and dicyandiamide-treated urea in a sandy loam soil

Rao, E. V. S. Prakasa; Puttanna, K.

doi:10.1007/bf02374942

Cited by 46 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, although the use of DCD is an effective leaching and N 2 O emission mitigation strategy, it may promote increased NH 3 volatilization from urea fertilizers and urine patches. However, this has not been consistently reported in the literature (Table ): most previous studies (Prakasa Rao & Puttanna, ; Davies & Williams, ; Asing et al ., ; Zaman & Blennerhassett, ) have found increased NH 3 volatilization in presence of DCD, whereas Clay et al . () and Di & Cameron () did not observe a significant effect of DCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Fischer

Burchill

Lanigan

et al. 2015

Soil Use and Management

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Deposition of urine and dung in pasture-based livestock production systems is a major source of ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilisation, contributing to the eutrophication and acidification of water bodies and to indirect nitrous oxide emissions. The objectives of this study were to (i) measure NH 3 volatilisation from dung and urine in three seasons, (ii) test the effect of spiking urine with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on NH 3 volatilisation and (iii) generate NH 3 emission factors (EFs) for dung, urine and urine+DCD in temperate maritime grassland. Accordingly, simulated dung, urine and urine spiked with DCD (at 30 kg DCD/ha equivalent rate) patches were applied to temperate grassland. Treatments were applied three times in 2014 with one measurement of NH 3 loss being completed in spring, summer and autumn. The NH 3 -N EF was highest in spring, which was most likely due to the near absence of rainfall throughout the duration of loss measurement. The EFs across the experiments ranged between 2.8 and 5.3 % (mean 3.9 %) for dung, 8.7 and 14.9 % (mean 11.2 %) for urine and 9.5 and 19.5 % (mean 12.9 %) for urine+DCD, showing that ammonia loss from dung was significantly lower than from urine. Aggregating country specific emission data such as those from the current experiment with data from climatically similar regions (perhaps in a weighted manner which accounts for the relative abundance of certain environmental conditions) along with modelling are potentially resource efficient approaches for refining national ammonia inventories.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Fischer

Burchill

Lanigan

et al. 2015

Soil Use and Management

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“…The application of NIs could be expected to increase NH 3 volatilization losses because of the fact that their effect is to maintain N in the form of ammonium for a longer period of time. Smith and Chalk (1978) and Prakasa Rao and Puttanna (1987) have reported enhanced NH 3 volatilization losses due to the application of NIs such as nitrapyrin or DCD together with urea. In our study DMPP did not increase losses significantly ( p < 0.05) (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of N‐(n‐butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide and 3,4 Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on Gaseous Emissions from Grasslands under Different Soil Water Contents

et al. 2009

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The intensification of grassland systems is leading to serious environmental risks due to the large input of nitrogen (N) in fertilizers and the subsequent gaseous losses. Addition of nitrification inhibitors (NI) or urease activity inhibitors to fertilizers could reduce these losses to the atmosphere. In the present study, the effects of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and the urease activity inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were evaluated on NH3, N2O, NO, and CO2 emissions. Ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN), urea and cattle slurry were applied at a rate of 70 kg N ha(-1) to a mixed clover-ryegrass sward in the Basque Country (northern Spain) under different soil water contents. NH3 and NO emissions were determined by photoacoustic and chemiluminescence respectively using an open chamber technique while N2O and CO2 emissions were measured by photoacoustic using a closed chamber technique. When the water filled pore space (WFPS) was under 60%, the application of NBPT reduced NO emissions a 34% on urea and an 18% on slurry, and the application of DMPP reduced them a 2% on ASN and a 4% on slurry. No significant effect was observed on NH3 losses. When WFPS was over 60%, no effect could be observed on NO and N2O emissions after the application of both inhibitors, but NH3 losses were reduced a 31% by NBPT when applied with the slurry. Carbon dioxide emissions were unaffected by the use of DMPP or NBPT at any soil water content. Neither grassland yield nor herbage N concentration were influenced by the application of both inhibitors.

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“…Whereas the emission of N 2 O, NO and losses by denitrification can be efficiently reduced by NI as an indirect effect of the delay of nitrification, NH 3 emission might increase when N fertilizers are not incorporated into the soil ( Cornforth and Chesney , 1971; Rodgers , 1983; Prakasa Rao and Puttanna , 1987; Banerjee et al, 2002; Kim et al, 2012). Furthermore, beside N 2 O and NO the emission of the greenhouse gases CO 2 and CH 4 can be affected by the use of NI.…”

Section: Effect Of Nis On Denitrification and Other Gaseous Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, as an effect of the temporary conservation of NH$ _4^+ $ by NI, NH 3 emission might increase when N fertilizers were not incorporated into the soil ( Cornforth and Chesney , 1971; Rodgers , 1983; Prakasa Rao and Puttanna , 1987). The use of NIs in agriculture and horticulture and environmental aspects such as NO$ _3^ - $ leaching or NH 3 losses were previously reviewed by Slangen and Kerkhoff (1984), Prasad and Power (1995), Wolt (2004), Subbarao et al (2006), Singh and Verma (2007), and Kim et al (2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N₂O) release from agricultural soils—a review

Ruser

2015

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

336

205

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The use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) is a technique which is able to improve N fertilizer use efficiency, to reduce nitrate leaching and to decrease the emission of the climate-relevant gas N 2 O simultaneously, particularly in moderately fertilized agricultural systems adapted to plant N demand. The ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) is the first enzyme which is involved in the oxidation of NH þ 4 to NO À 3 in soils. The inhibition of the AMO by NIs directly decreases the nitrification rate and it reduces the NO À 3 concentration which serves as substrate for denitrification. Hence, the two main pathways of N 2 O production in soils are blocked or their source strength is at least decreased. Although it has been shown that archaea are also able to oxidize NH 3 , results from literature suggest that the enzymatic activity of NH 3 oxidizing bacteria is the most important target for NIs because it was much stronger affected. The application of NIs to reduce N 2 O emissions is most effective under conditions in which the NI remains close to the N-fertilizer. This is the case when the NI was sprayed on mineral-N fertilizer granules or thoroughly mixed with liquid fertilizers. Most serious problems of spatial separation of NI and substrate emerge on pasture soils, where N 2 O hotspots occur under urine and to a lesser extent under manure patches. From the few studies on the effect of different NI quantities it seems that the amount of NI necessary to reduce N 2 O emissions is below the recommendations for NI amounts in practice. NIs can improve the fertilizer value of liquid manure. For instance, the addition of NIs to slurry can increase N uptake and yield of crops when NO À 3 -N leaching losses are reduced. It has clearly been demonstrated that NIs added to cattle slurry are very effective in reducing N 2 O as well as NO emissions after surface application and injection of slurry into grassland soils. In flooded rice systems NIs can reduce CH 4 emission significantly, whereas the effect on CO 2 emission is varying. On the other hand, as an effect of the delay of nitrification by NIs, NH 3 emission might increase when N fertilizers are not incorporated into the soil. As compared to other measures NIs have a high potential to reduce N 2 O emissions from agricultural soils. Further, no other measure has so consistently been proofed according its efficiency to reduce N 2 O emissions. From the published data [Akiyama et al. (2010) and more recent data from the years 2010-2013; 140 data sets in total] a reduction potential of approx. 35% seems realistic; however, further measurements in different management systems, particularly in regions with intense frost/thaw cycles seem necessary to confirm this reduction potential. These measurements generally should cover a whole annual cycle.

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Nitrification and ammonia volatilisation losses from urea and dicyandiamide-treated urea in a sandy loam soil

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Effect of N‐(n‐butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide and 3,4 Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on Gaseous Emissions from Grasslands under Different Soil Water Contents

The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N₂O) release from agricultural soils—a review

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Nitrification and ammonia volatilisation losses from urea and dicyandiamide-treated urea in a sandy loam soil

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Ammonia emissions from cattle dung, urine and urine with dicyandiamide in a temperate grassland

Effect of N‐(n‐butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide and 3,4 Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate on Gaseous Emissions from Grasslands under Different Soil Water Contents

The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N2O) release from agricultural soils—a review

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The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N₂O) release from agricultural soils—a review