Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide - role of oxidizable carbon and applied nitrogen

Azam, F.; Müller, Christoph; Weiske, A.; Benckiser, Gero; Ottow, J. C. G.

doi:10.1007/s00374-001-0441-5

Cited by 183 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…6), indicating a sufficient availability of C from BD for respiration and, thus, implicitly also for denitrification (Reddy et al, 1982). Moreover, as increased DOC enhanced respiration (Table A1), it consequently affected O 2 consumption and, thus, also the emergence of anaerobic microsites (Azam et al, 2002). Accordingly, there is also a good correlation between cumulated CO 2 and N 2 O + N 2 fluxes for the same period from the clayey silt (R 2 = 0.93, p = 0.001), when the treatments with 35 % WFPS (which showed virtually no N emissions) are omitted (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential short-term losses of N2O and N2 from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Fiedler

Augustin

Wrage‐Mönnig

et al. 2017

SOIL

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Abstract. Biogas digestate (BD) is increasingly used as organic fertilizer, but has a high potential for NH 3 losses. Its proposed injection into soils as a countermeasure has been suggested to promote the generation of N 2 O, leading to a potential trade-off. Furthermore, the effect of high nutrient concentrations on N 2 losses as they may appear after injection of BD into soil has not yet been evaluated. Hence, we performed an incubation experiment with soil cores in a helium-oxygen atmosphere to examine the influence of soil substrate (loamy sand, clayey silt), water-filled pore space (WFPS; 35, 55, 75 %) and application rate (0, 17.6 and 35.2 mL BD per soil core, 250 cm 3 ) on the emission of N 2 O, N 2 and CO 2 after the usage of high loads of BD. To determine the potential capacity for gaseous losses, we applied anaerobic conditions by purging with helium for the last 24 h of incubation. Immediate N 2 O and N 2 emissions as well as the N 2 / (N 2 O+N 2 ) product ratio depended on soil type and increased with WFPS, indicating a crucial role of soil gas diffusivity for the formation and emission of nitrogenous gases in agricultural soils. However, emissions did not increase with the application rate of BD. This is probably due to an inhibitory effect of the high NH + 4 content of BD on nitrification. Our results suggest a larger potential for N 2 O formation immediately following BD injection in the fine-textured clayey silt compared to the coarse loamy sand. By contrast, the loamy sand showed a higher potential for N 2 production under anaerobic conditions. Our results suggest that short-term N losses of N 2 O and N 2 after injection may be higher than probable losses of NH 3 following surface application of BD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential short-term losses of N2O and N2 from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Fiedler

Augustin

Wrage‐Mönnig

et al. 2017

SOIL

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“…Both NO and N 2 O can be produced as by-products in nitrification process (Remde and Conrad, 1990). Many lab and field experiments suggest that NO released from soils is mainly produced through the nitrification of NH 4 + while denitrification is the major source of N 2 O under most situations (Davidson et al, 1993;Hutchinson et al, 1993;Parsons and Keller, 1995;Skiba et al, 1997;Gödde and Conrad, 2000;Dobbie and Smith, 2001;Azam et al, 2002;Russow et al, 2008;Vilain et al, 2014). Nevertheless, few studies also reported that N 2 O emission was mainly ascribed to nitrification process from the agricultural soil in the North China Plain (NCP) (Ju et al, 2011;Cui et al, 2012).…”

Section: G R a P H I C A L Abstract Abstract A R T I C mentioning

confidence: 99%

NO and N2O emissions from agricultural fields in the North China Plain: Origination and mitigation

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…The observed increase in soil pH may, however, have either 334 directly decreased the proportion of N2O: N2 emitted from soil, or enabled the biochar to act as an 335 'electron shuttle' increasing the transfer of electrons to denitrifying bacteria (Cayuela et al, 2013). On 336 addition, the incorporation of biochar into the soil introduces fresh labile C which may have increased 337 the conversion of N2O to N2, by increasing the availability of C electron acceptors for denitrifying 338 organisms (Azam et al, 2002;Morley and Baggs, 2010;Saggar et al, 2013;Senbayram et al, 2012). 339…”

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confidence: 99%

Biochar suppresses N2O emissions while maintaining N availability in a sandy loam soil

Case

McNamara

Reay

et al. 2015

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

183

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Our results show that biochar suppressed cumulative soil N2O production by 91 % in near-saturated, 23 fertilised soils. Cumulative denitrification was reduced by 37 %, which accounted for 85 -95 % of 24 soil N2O emissions. We also found that physical/chemical and biological ammonium (NH4 + ) 25 immobilisation increased with biochar amendment but that nitrate (NO3 -) immobilisation decreased. 26We concluded that this immobilisation was insignificant compared to total soil inorganic N content. In 27 contrast, soil N mineralisation significantly increased by 269 % and nitrification by 34 % in biochar-28 amended soil. 29These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment did not limit inorganic N availability to nitrifiers 30 and denitrifiers, therefore limitations in soil NH4 + and NO3 -supply cannot explain the suppression of 31 N2O emissions. These results support the concept that biochar application to soil could significantly 32 mitigate agricultural N2O emissions through altering N transformations, and underpin efforts to 33 develop climate-friendly agricultural management techniques. 34 2

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Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide - role of oxidizable carbon and applied nitrogen

Cited by 183 publications

References 23 publications

Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

NO and N2O emissions from agricultural fields in the North China Plain: Origination and mitigation

Biochar suppresses N2O emissions while maintaining N availability in a sandy loam soil

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Nitrification and denitrification as sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide - role of oxidizable carbon and applied nitrogen

Cited by 183 publications

References 23 publications

Potential short-term losses of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Potential short-term losses of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

NO and N2O emissions from agricultural fields in the North China Plain: Origination and mitigation

Biochar suppresses N2O emissions while maintaining N availability in a sandy loam soil

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Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils

Potential short-term losses of N<sub>2</sub>O and N<sub>2</sub> from high concentrations of biogas digestate in arable soils