Nitrile gas chemistry in Titan’s atmosphere

Gautier, Thomas; Carrasco, Nathalie; Buch, Arnaud; Szopa, Cyril; Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella; Cernogora, Guy

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.005

Cited by 80 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The large band around 1580 cm −1 could be attributed either to bending NH, stretching C=N, or C=C double bonds. All these bands are in very good agreement with those obtained by Gautier et al in their tholins samples (Gautier et al 2011(Gautier et al , 2012.…”

Section: Infrared Spectrum Of the Hc 5 N Residuesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The two bands observed at 2263 and 2217 cm −1 can be attributed to nitrile and C≡C stretching modes. The position of the nitrile group, obtained from HC 5 N photolysis, is shifted to higher frequencies indicating that the C≡N bond is slightly stronger in this tholin compared to the tholins obtained from UV photochemistry of C 4 N 2 (2230 cm −1 ) or from discharges experiments in N 2 -CH 4 gas mixture (Gautier et al 2011(Gautier et al , 2012. The large band around 1580 cm −1 could be attributed either to bending NH, stretching C=N, or C=C double bonds.…”

Section: Infrared Spectrum Of the Hc 5 N Residuementioning

confidence: 67%

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Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Couturier-Tamburelli

Piétri

Gudipati

2015

A&A

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We studied the photochemistry of frozen ice of a polar Titan's atmospheric molecule cyanodiacetylene (HC 5 N) to determine the possible contribution of this compound to the lower altitude photochemistry of haze layers found on Titan. We used infrared analysis to examine the residue produced by irradiation of solid HC 5 N at λ > 300 nm. The resulting polymer is orange-brown in color. Based on theoretical analysis and the general tendency of HC 5 N and C 4 N 2 to undergo similar ice photochemistry at longer wavelengths accessible in Titan's lower atmosphere, we conclude that Titan's lower atmosphere is photochemically active in the regions of cloud, ice, and aerosol formation. C 4 N 2 is a symmetric molecule with no net dipole moment whereas, HC 5 N has a large dipole moment of ∼4 D. Consequently, though both these molecules have very similar molecular weight and size, their sublimation temperatures are different, HC 5 N subliming around 170 K compared to 160 K for C 4 N 2 . Based on our studies we conclude that in Titan's atmosphere the cyanoacetylene class of molecules (HCN, HC 3 N, HC 5 N, etc.) would condense first followed by the dicyanoacetylenes (C 2 N 2 , C 4 N 2 , C 6 N 2 , etc.), leading to fractionation of different class of molecules. From the fluxes used in the laboratory and depletion of the original HC 5 N signals, we estimate Titan's haze ice photochemistry involving polar nitriles to be significant and very similar to their non-polar counterparts.

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Section: Infrared Spectrum Of the Hc 5 N Residuesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Infrared Spectrum Of the Hc 5 N Residuementioning

confidence: 67%

Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Couturier-Tamburelli

Piétri

Gudipati

2015

A&A

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“…Indeed, HCN is an intermediate product leading to the formation of heavier volatiles compounds, which can themselve be involved in the formation of dust. [11] It is not clear yet if, besides being a transictory product, HCN can be integered directly within the dust by co-polymerization, and it has been shown that dusts in N 2 -CH 4 RF plasma are not pure HCN-polymers. [18] …”

Section: Products Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the RF plasmas have been successfully used for the creating of astroanalogs for interstellar dust. [8,9] In such RF discharges with N 2 -CH 4 gas mixtures, previous works quantified the methane consumption and showed the apparition of carbon containing products both in gas [10,11] and solid phase. [12] But these studies were performed separately; without quantitatively relating the reactants to the products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Conversion in a N₂CH₄Radiofrequency Discharge

Gautier

Carrasco

Stefanović

et al. 2014

Plasma Process. Polym.

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The carbon conversion in a N 2 -CH 4 radiofrequency (RF) discharge is investigated by analyzing both the gas phase and the dust produced. HCN is identified as the main reactive product and both HCN and NH 3 are quantified. This quantification allows determining the carbon conversion yield from CH 4 to HCN, which appears to be surprisingly low. The comparison of the infrared absorbance spectra between dust produced in two similar RF plasma setups emphasizes small differences on the CH 3 /CH 2 bonds ratio in the samples. This difference is explained by the aging processes of dust within the plasma.

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“…For this, the conductance upstream the pump has been reduced using particulate filters (Teflon filters with pores of 100 nm). It is possible to insert between the pump and the chamber a cold trap cooled using liquid nitrogen to condense any low abundant photochemical product, that can then be analyzed ex-situ (Gautier et al 2011). Owing to the helium curtain, the photon spectrum is limited by the ionization energy of helium 24.58 eV (Rosenstock et al 2011).…”

Section: The Apsis Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry simulation of planetary atmosphere using synchrotron radiation at soleil. Application to Titan’s atmosphere

Gautier

Peng

Giuliani

et al. 2012

EAS Publications Series

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Abstract. We report here on the coupling of a gas reactor with a VUV beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. The reactor may be irradiated window-less with gas pressure up to the atmosphere. The photochemistry is monitored by a mass spectrometer gas analyzer. This set up, termed APSIS for Atmospheric Photochemistry SImulated by Synchrotron, has been used to simulate the atmosphere of Titan and to study the formation of the photochemical smog and the formation of tholins.

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Nitrile gas chemistry in Titan’s atmosphere

Cited by 80 publications

References 64 publications

Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Methane Conversion in a N₂CH₄Radiofrequency Discharge

Photochemistry simulation of planetary atmosphere using synchrotron radiation at soleil. Application to Titan’s atmosphere

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Nitrile gas chemistry in Titan’s atmosphere

Cited by 80 publications

References 64 publications

Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Simulation of Titan’s atmospheric photochemistry

Methane Conversion in a N2CH4Radiofrequency Discharge

Photochemistry simulation of planetary atmosphere using synchrotron radiation at soleil. Application to Titan’s atmosphere

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Product

Resources

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Methane Conversion in a N₂CH₄Radiofrequency Discharge